tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68806203939328150612024-03-08T10:56:59.103-08:00dollar e dolarAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.comBlogger32125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-12295695418623694642012-01-31T16:17:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:40:59.309-08:00Dólar de los Estados Unidos<script type="text/javascript">
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<i>«USD» redirige aquí. Para otras acepciones, véase <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/USD_%28desambiguaci%C3%B3n%29" title="USD (desambiguación)">USD (desambiguación)</a></i>.</div>
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<th class="cabecera cabecera" colspan="2" style="background-color: goldenrod; text-align: center;">Dólar de los Estados Unidos</th>
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<td class="" colspan="2" style="font-size: 0.95em; text-align: center;"><b>United States dollar, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés"><span style="color: #555555; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;">en inglés</span></a></b><br />
<b>Dólar de los Estados Unidos, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Idioma español"><span style="color: #555555; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;">en español</span></a></b></td>
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<td colspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;"><table style="background-color: transparent; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
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<td class="" style="background-color: white; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:United_States_penny,_obverse,_2002.jpg"><img alt="United States penny, obverse, 2002.jpg" height="120" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.jpg/120px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.jpg" width="120" /></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">Moneda de un centavo</span></td>
<td class="" style="background-color: white; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Dollar11963A.JPG"><img alt="Dollar11963A.JPG" height="103" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Dollar11963A.JPG/120px-Dollar11963A.JPG" width="120" /></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_un_d%C3%B3lar_estadounidense" title="Billete de un dólar estadounidense">Billete de un dólar</a></span></td>
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</td>
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<th class="" scope="row" style="text-align: left; width: 45%;"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">Código ISO</a></th>
<td class="">USD</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th class="" scope="row" style="text-align: left; width: 45%;"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs" title="País">Ámbito</a></th>
<td class=""><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Bandera de los Estados Unidos" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="20" /> </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a><br />
<b>Otros países americanos:</b> <small><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_BES" title="Islas BES">Caribe Neerlandés</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <i><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá">Panamá</a></i>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Turcas_y_Caicos" title="Islas Turcas y Caicos">Islas Turcas y Caicos</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_V%C3%ADrgenes_Brit%C3%A1nicas" title="Islas Vírgenes Británicas">Islas Vírgenes Británicas</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_V%C3%ADrgenes_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos">Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos</a></small> <b>Otros países oceánicos:</b> <small><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Marshall" title="Islas Marshall">Islas Marshall</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Federados_de_Micronesia" title="Estados Federados de Micronesia">Estados Federados de Micronesia</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Marianas_del_Norte" title="Islas Marianas del Norte">Islas Marianas del Norte</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaos" title="Palaos">Palaos</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa_Americana" title="Samoa Americana">Samoa Americana</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Oriental" title="Timor Oriental">Timor Oriental</a>, <i><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_Brit%C3%A1nico_del_Oc%C3%A9ano_%C3%8Dndico" title="Territorio Británico del Océano Índico">Territorio Británico del Océano Índico</a></i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#cite_note-0">1</a></sup> y en el <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_insular_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Área insular de Estados Unidos">área insular de Estados Unidos</a></small><br />
<b>Resto del mundo:</b> <small><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue">Zimbabue</a></small></td>
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<th class="" scope="row" style="text-align: left; width: 45%;"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo_monetario" title="Símbolo monetario">Símbolo</a></th>
<td class="">$</td>
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<th class="" scope="row" style="text-align: left; width: 45%;">Fracción</th>
<td class="">Cien <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centavo" title="Centavo">centavos</a> o cents<br />
Diez <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28moneda%29" title="Dime (moneda)">Diezavos o dimes</a></td>
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<th class="" scope="row" style="text-align: left; width: 45%;"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete" title="Billete">Billetes</a></th>
<td class=""><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_un_d%C3%B3lar_estadounidense" title="Billete de un dólar estadounidense">$1</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_dos_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidense" title="Billete de dos dólares estadounidense">$2</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_cinco_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidense" title="Billete de cinco dólares estadounidense">$5</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_diez_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidenses" title="Billete de diez dólares estadounidenses">$10</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_veinte_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidense" title="Billete de veinte dólares estadounidense">$20</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_cincuenta_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidense" title="Billete de cincuenta dólares estadounidense">$50</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_cien_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidense" title="Billete de cien dólares estadounidense">$100</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th class="" scope="row" style="text-align: left; width: 45%;"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">Monedas</a></th>
<td class="">1¢, 5¢, 1 dime, ¼$, ½$, $1</td>
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<th class="" scope="row" style="text-align: left; width: 45%;"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_central" title="Banco central">Emisor</a></th>
<td class=""><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserva_Federal" title="Reserva Federal">Reserva Federal</a></td>
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<th class="" scope="row" style="text-align: left; width: 45%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasa_de_cambio" title="Tasa de cambio">Tasa de cambio</a><br />
<span style="font-size: 80%; font-style: italic;">31 de enero de 2012</span></th>
<td class="">1 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Dólar de Estados Unidos">$</a> = 0,7628 <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a></td>
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<td class="" colspan="2" style="background-color: goldenrod; text-align: center;"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://es.finance.yahoo.com/conversor-divisas/convert?amt=1&from=USD&to=USD&submit=Convertir" rel="nofollow">Tipo de cambio actual</a></span></td>
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El <b><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar" title="Dólar">dólar</a></b> es la <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">moneda</a> oficial de los <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América">Estados Unidos de América</a>, usualmente también se suele asociar el nombre empleado por la divisa con la circulación legal en los <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América">Estados Unidos de América</a>, por lo que también es conocida como <i>dólar estadounidense</i>.
Aunque la emisión de esta clase de dólares sólo se hace en Estados
Unidos, hay varios países que usan el nombre para su moneda; otras
naciones como <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> y <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá">Panamá</a>
por medio de ratificaciones y acuerdos o como sustitución de un
circulante propio debilitado, lo han elegido como moneda oficial y medio
legal de pago. El código <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a> para esta moneda es <b>USD</b>.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
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<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Contenido</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#" id="togglelink">ocultar</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#El_s.C3.ADmbolo_del_d.C3.B3lar"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">El símbolo del dólar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#Nombres_de_los_centavos_del_d.C3.B3lar"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Nombres de los centavos del dólar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#Tasa_de_cambio_y_cotizaci.C3.B3n"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Tasa de cambio y cotización</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#Decadencia_del_d.C3.B3lar"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Decadencia del dólar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#Monedas_de_d.C3.B3lar"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Monedas de dólar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#Billetes_de_d.C3.B3lar"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Billetes de dólar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#Uso_del_d.C3.B3lar_en_otros_pa.C3.ADses"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Uso del dólar en otros países</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#Referencias"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Referencias</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#Enlaces_externos"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Enlaces externos</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
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<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: El símbolo del dólar">editar</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="El_s.C3.ADmbolo_del_d.C3.B3lar">El símbolo del dólar</span></h2>
<div class="noprint AP" style="margin: 0 0 0.2ex 1em;">
<span style="font-size: 87%;"><i>Artículo principal:</i></span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signo_de_pesos" title="Signo de pesos">Signo de pesos</a></div>
Existen varias versiones sobre el origen del símbolo <i>$</i>. La que posiblemente es la más ampliamente aceptada, según la <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_de_Grabado_e_Impresi%C3%B3n_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Oficina de Grabado e Impresión de los Estados Unidos">Oficina de Grabado e Impresión de los Estados Unidos</a>, es que el mismo es el resultado de la evolución de la abreviatura novohispana y española P<sup>s</sup>, que abreviaba <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peso_%28moneda%29" title="Peso (moneda)">pesos</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piastra" title="Piastra">piastras</a>, o <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_de_a_ocho" title="Real de a ocho">piezas de a ocho</a>. Esta teoría, derivada del estudio de manuscritos de los siglos XVIII y XIX, explica que la <i>s</i> pasó gradualmente a escribirse sobre la <i>P</i>, desarrollando un equivalente próximo a <i>$</i>. El símbolo fue ampliamente usado antes de la adopción del USD en <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#cite_note-1">2</a></sup><br />
Otra es que el símbolo fue derivado de —o inspirado por— la marca de <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceca" title="Ceca">ceca</a> de la <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_la_Moneda_de_Bolivia" title="Casa de la Moneda de Bolivia">casa de la moneda</a> colonial española de la ciudad , en ella se encontraba la mina de <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potos%C3%AD" title="Potosí">Potosí</a>, en el actual país de <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>.
Esta marca de ceca estaba compuesta de las letras PTSI superpuestas una
encima de la otra, formando un símbolo muy similar al original símbolo
del dólar (el de una barra vertical: <i>$</i>). Los reales de plata
españoles (las «piezas de a ocho») eran de uso común en las colonias
inglesas de Norteamérica. Gran parte de esas monedas serían fabricadas
en la mina de Potosí. Estas, además, hubieran tenido un perfil algo
elevado, ya que la mina de plata de Potosí supuestamente fue la más
grande de la historia, tanto que Potosí llegó a ser durante un tiempo la
ciudad más grande de toda América y su fama era mundial en aquella
época.<br />
Actualmente en algunas ocasiones aún se usa la variante con dos
barras verticales. Esta variante se atribuye a veces a la idea de
superponer <i>U</i> y <i>S</i> (de <i>United States</i>), pero parece
que la misma ya existía por la época en que la zona eran colonias
británicas. El símbolo sería una estilización de las <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnas_de_H%C3%A9rcules" title="Columnas de Hércules">Columnas de Hércules</a> que aparecían en las monedas acuñadas en la <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Moneda_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Casa de Moneda de México">Ceca de México</a>, los <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_de_a_8" title="Real de a 8">reales de a 8</a> llamados columnarios. Las barras verticales serían las columnas y la S seria la banda con la leyenda «<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_Ultra_%28lema%29" title="Plus Ultra (lema)">Plus Ultra</a>»
que las envolvía. Un sello con esta forma se estampaba sobre los
lingotes de oro y plata que viajaban en las Flotas de Indias con destino
al Tesoro Real. La versión de una sola barra es una simplificación del
original de dos.<br />
Por último, la similitud del símbolo del dólar con el del <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sestercio" title="Sestercio">sestercio</a> (<i>IIS</i>, <i>I·IS</i> o <i>HS</i>)
podría hacer pensar en un origen romano. Sin embargo, en los
manuscritos antiguos nunca aparece el símbolo del sestercio con los
trazos verticales superpuestos a la letra <i>S</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#cite_note-2">3</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Nombres de los centavos del dólar">editar</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Nombres_de_los_centavos_del_d.C3.B3lar">Nombres de los centavos del dólar</span></h2>
En inglés cada una de las monedas de menos de un dólar tiene un nombre específico:<br />
<ul>
<li>1 centavo - <i>penny</i></li>
<li>5 centavos - <i>nickel</i></li>
<li>10 centavos - <i>dime</i></li>
<li>25 centavos - <i>quarter</i></li>
<li>50 centavos - <i>half dollar</i></li>
<li>100 centavos - <i>Dollar</i></li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Tasa de cambio y cotización">editar</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Tasa_de_cambio_y_cotizaci.C3.B3n">Tasa de cambio y cotización</span></h2>
Actualmente todas las divisas del mundo están sujetas entre sí por
unas ligas que las sostienen estirándose y aflojándose constantemente
según los flujos de capitales lo que hace variar las tasas de cambio y
las cotizaciones, este sistema de entramado de ligas es lo que le da el
valor al dinero.<br />
Por mucho tiempo el dólar fue el pilar de la economía mundial siendo
este la base para los tipos de cambio y cotizaciones mundiales. Ahora
con el <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> hay un mayor entramaje de estira y afloja de las ligas que unen a las divisas mundiales.<br />
Para <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a>,
el sistema de reservas en dólares es parte de la crisis, ya que hace
que gran parte del efectivo llegue a EE. UU. Él sugirió que se creara un
nuevo sistema global de reservas. <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Xiaochuan" title="Zhou Xiaochuan">Zhou Xiaochuan</a> —el gobernador del banco central chino— propuso lo mismo y pidió la creación de una nueva moneda y que el <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMI" title="FMI">FMI</a> emitiera la nueva moneda.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos#cite_note-3">4</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Decadencia del dólar">editar</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Decadencia_del_d.C3.B3lar">Decadencia del dólar</span></h2>
El billete verde inició en 2002 un declive sostenido que no acaba de
detenerse. En aquel momento, con un euro se obtenían 86 céntimos de
dólar. Ahora, el cambio sale por 1,44 dólares por cada euro. El <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_brasile%C3%B1o" title="Real brasileño">real brasileño</a> ha ganado terreno a su costa.<br />
La creciente debilidad de la economía estadounidense y un déficit
exterior galopante tiran a la baja del billete verde y la cuestión es
hasta dónde puede seguir cayendo. El dólar sigue siendo la moneda
internacional de referencia, pero los inversores ya no le tienen la
misma fe. Los países exportadores de petróleo -junto a las grandes
economías asiáticas- empiezan incluir el euro en sus ingentes reservas,
en detrimento del dólar. Algunos, como Irán, incluso tienen previsto
cobrar el crudo en euros, por razones económicas pero también políticas.<br />
Detrás de esa decadencia del dólar está la debilidad de la economía
estadounidense. La crisis financiera iniciada con las hipotecas basura
el pasado agosto ha desembocado en la temida recesión y ha acentuado el
perfil bajo del billete verde con respecto al euro y a otras monedas,
como el yen y la libra. Hay más razones. Los norteamericanos han vivido
durante años por encima de sus posibilidades, con un déficit exterior
galopante, que ronda los 750.000 millones de dólares, más del 5% del <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producto_interior_bruto" title="Producto interior bruto">producto interior bruto</a> de Estados Unidos.<br />
Aun así, es difícil que el dólar pierda estatus. El financiero <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a>
apostó en 1992 contra la libra esterlina y ganó: la moneda británica se
derrumbó. Los ataques especulativos fueron habituales a lo largo de los
años noventa: México, Tailandia, Rusia, Brasil y un poco más tarde
Argentina sufrieron el acoso de los especuladores sobre sus monedas.
España, también. Pero, en principio, el dólar está en otra categoría.<br />
"El declive del dólar es evidente, por la propia desaceleración de la
economía estadounidense. Y las autoridades de medio mundo han empezado a
diversificar sus reservas. Pero ese es un proceso que viene de lejos, y
que va a seguir siendo muy gradual. Difícilmente puede haber
correcciones drásticas porque al fin y al cabo la economía de Estados
Unidos empezará a recuperarse en la segunda mitad de este año", asegura
Pablo Guijarro, de AFI. En otras palabras: es normal el castigo, que ha
llevado el dólar a niveles nunca vistos, pero no se espera una debacle.
"Además, el dólar débil le viene de lujo a EE. UU.: sus exportaciones
son más baratas y permiten rebajar el déficit exterior", añade Guijarro.<br />
José Carlos Díez, economista jefe de Intermoney, destaca que Estados
Unidos "necesita en estos momentos un dólar a la baja para salir del
paso". "Pero no va a dejar de ser la moneda de referencia mientras la
primera economía del mundo siga liderando las ganancias mundiales de
competitividad", asegura.<br />
Tras la inestabilidad en los tipos de cambio hay siempre
desequilibrios comerciales. Y los desequilibrios de balanza de pagos no
han dejado de incrementarse en los últimos años: los más de 700.000
millones de dólares del déficit estadounidense contrastan con los
holgados superávit de economías como Japón, China y otros países
emergentes. Un superávit sostenido suele suponer, a la larga, la
apreciación de la moneda, como en el caso de Alemania durante los años
sesenta y setenta. Y de igual manera, cabía esperar que el déficit de
EE. UU. desembocara en una depreciación de la moneda.<br />
Hasta ahora, eso ha sucedido a medias: el dólar pierde valor con
respecto al euro, el yen y la libra esterlina, pero no con relación a
las divisas de las economías emergentes, en parte por su rol como divisa
de referencia. Sin embargo, para Paul Donovan, de UBS, ese papel del
dólar como moneda en la que se acumulan reservas "está en franco
declive". "Al dólar le va a suceder algo parecido a lo que le pasó a la
libra hace 90 años", augura.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Monedas de dólar">editar</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Monedas_de_d.C3.B3lar">Monedas de dólar</span></h2>
<table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Denominación ($)</th>
<th>Rostro</th>
<th>Reverso</th>
<th>Muestra</th>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda_de_US$_0,01" title="Moneda de US$ 0,01">$0,01</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda_de_US$_0,01" title="Moneda de US$ 0,01">Escudo de la Unión</a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:2010_cent_obverse.jpg"><img alt="2010 cent obverse.jpg" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2010_cent_obverse.jpg/100px-2010_cent_obverse.jpg" width="100" /></a><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:2010_cent_reverse.jpg"><img alt="2010 cent reverse.jpg" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/2010_cent_reverse.jpg/100px-2010_cent_reverse.jpg" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a class="new" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moneda_de_US$_0,05&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Moneda de US$ 0,05 (aún no redactado)">$0,05</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monticello_%28Estados_Unidos%29" title="Monticello (Estados Unidos)">Monticello</a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg"><img alt="Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg/100px-Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg" width="100" /></a> <a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:US_Nickel_Reverse.jpg"><img alt="US Nickel Reverse.jpg" height="99" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US_Nickel_Reverse.jpg/100px-US_Nickel_Reverse.jpg" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda_de_US$_0,10" title="Moneda de US$ 0,10">$0,10</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antorcha" title="Antorcha">Antorcha</a>, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roble" title="Roble">rama de roble</a> y <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivo" title="Olivo">rama de olivo</a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:United_States_dime,_obverse,_2002.jpg"><img alt="United States dime, obverse, 2002.jpg" height="101" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/United_States_dime%2C_obverse%2C_2002.jpg/100px-United_States_dime%2C_obverse%2C_2002.jpg" width="100" /></a> <a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:United_States_dime,_reverse.jpg"><img alt="United States dime, reverse.jpg" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/United_States_dime%2C_reverse.jpg/100px-United_States_dime%2C_reverse.jpg" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a class="new" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moneda_de_US$_0,25&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Moneda de US$ 0,25 (aún no redactado)">$0,25</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escudo_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Escudo de Estados Unidos">Escudo de Estados Unidos</a><br />
<small>(<a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_quarters" title="commons:Category:United States quarters">otras versiones</a>)</small></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Washington_Quarter_79.PNG"><img alt="Washington Quarter 79.PNG" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Washington_Quarter_79.PNG/100px-Washington_Quarter_79.PNG" width="100" /></a> <a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:COBREcentavosecuador2000-2.gif"><img alt="COBREcentavosecuador2000-2.gif" height="101" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/COBREcentavosecuador2000-2.gif/100px-COBREcentavosecuador2000-2.gif" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a class="new" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moneda_de_US$_0,50&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Moneda de US$ 0,50 (aún no redactado)">$0,50</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escudo_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Escudo de Estados Unidos">Escudo de Estados Unidos</a><br />
<small>(<a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Kennedy200coinback.jpg" title="commons:Image:Kennedy200coinback.jpg">otra versión</a>)</small></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png"><img alt="2005 Half Dollar Obv Unc P.png" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png/100px-2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png" width="100" /></a> <a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png"><img alt="2005 Half Dollar Rev Unc P.png" height="99" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png/100px-2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a class="new" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moneda_de_US$_1&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Moneda de US$ 1 (aún no redactado)">$1,00</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacajawea" title="Sacajawea">Sacajawea</a><br />
<small>(<a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:James_Madison_Presidential_$1_Coin_obverse.png" title="commons:Image:James Madison Presidential $1 Coin obverse.png">otra versión</a>)</small></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81guila" title="Águila">Águila</a><br />
<small>(<a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:LineartPresRev.png" title="commons:Image:LineartPresRev.png">otra versión</a>)</small></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png"><img alt="2003 Sacagawea Rev.png" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png/100px-2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Billetes de dólar">editar</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Billetes_de_d.C3.B3lar">Billetes de dólar</span></h2>
<table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Denominación ($)</th>
<th>Rostro</th>
<th>Muestra</th>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_un_d%C3%B3lar_estadounidense" title="Billete de un dólar estadounidense">$1</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg" height="131" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/300px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_dos_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidenses" title="Billete de dos dólares estadounidenses">$2</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:US_$2_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $2 obverse.jpg" height="126" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/300px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_cinco_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidenses" title="Billete de cinco dólares estadounidenses">$5</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:US_$5_Series_2006_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $5 Series 2006 obverse.jpg" height="126" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg/300px-US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_diez_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidenses" title="Billete de diez dólares estadounidenses">$10</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg"><img alt="US10dollarbill-Series 2004A.jpg" height="127" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/300px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_veinte_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidenses" title="Billete de veinte dólares estadounidenses">$20</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:US20-front.jpg"><img alt="US20-front.jpg" height="131" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/300px-US20-front.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_cincuenta_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidenses" title="Billete de cincuenta dólares estadounidenses">$50</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg"><img alt="Series2004NoteFront 50.jpg" height="128" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg/300px-Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billete_de_cien_d%C3%B3lares_estadounidenses" title="Billete de cien dólares estadounidenses">$100</a></td>
<td><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:New100front.jpg"><img alt="New100front.jpg" height="127" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/New100front.jpg/300px-New100front.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B3lar_de_los_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar sección: Uso del dólar en otros países">editar</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Uso_del_d.C3.B3lar_en_otros_pa.C3.ADses">Uso del dólar en otros países</span></h2>
Otras naciones, además de Estados Unidos utilizan el dólar de EE. UU. como moneda oficial, un proceso conocido como <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolarizaci%C3%B3n" title="Dolarización">dolarización</a> oficial. Por ejemplo, <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá">Panamá</a>
ha estado usando el dólar junto con el balboa panameño como la moneda
de curso legal desde 1904 a una tasa de conversión de 1:1. <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> (2000), <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> (2001), y en <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Oriental" title="Timor Oriental">Timor Oriental</a>
(2000) todos estos países han adoptado la moneda de manera
independiente. Países que fueron territorios dependientes de los Estados
Unidos como <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaos" title="Palaos">Palaos</a>, los <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Federados_de_Micronesia" title="Estados Federados de Micronesia">Estados Federados de Micronesia</a> y las <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Marshall" title="Islas Marshall">Islas Marshall</a>,
optaron por no emitir su propia moneda al lograr su independencia, por
lo que continuaron usando la moneda estadounidense. Dos dependencias
británicas también utilizan el dólar de EE. UU.: las <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_V%C3%ADrgenes_Brit%C3%A1nicas" title="Islas Vírgenes Británicas">Islas Vírgenes Británicas</a> (1959) y <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcas_y_Caicos" title="Turcas y Caicos">Turcas y Caicos</a> (1973).<br />
A continuación, una lista de los países que han creado sus propias
monedas fraccionarias de dólar luego de haber adoptado la divisa
estadounidense como moneda oficial:<br />
<ul>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Bandera de Ecuador" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" width="20" /></span> <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centavos_de_d%C3%B3lar_de_Ecuador" title="Centavos de dólar de Ecuador">Centavos de dólar de Ecuador</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Bandera de Panamá" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/20px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" width="20" /></span> <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balboa_paname%C3%B1o" title="Balboa panameño">Balboa panameño</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of East Timor.svg" class="thumbborder" height="10" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/20px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" width="20" /></span> <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centavos_de_d%C3%B3lar_de_Timor_Oriental" title="Centavos de dólar de Timor Oriental">Centavos de dólar de Timor Oriental</a></li>
</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-46948758974786306382012-01-31T16:16:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:20:45.882-08:00Usona dolaro<b>Usona dolaro</b> estas la monunuo en <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usono" title="Usono">Usono</a>. La internacia normigita mallongigo (<a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>) estas <b>USD</b>. Unu dolaro estas 100 dolaraj <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cendo" title="Cendo">cendoj</a>. La <a class="new" href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolarsigno&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dolarsigno (paĝo ne ekzistas)">dolara simbolo</a> estas majuskla litero <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> kun vertikala streko: «$». Usono oficiale adoptis la dolaron en <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>.<br />
La usona dolaro estas monde la plej grava el la multaj <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuto" title="Valuto">valutoj</a>, kiuj nomiĝas <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolaro_%28monunuo%29" title="Dolaro (monunuo)">dolaro</a>. Ĝi estas referenca valuto por multaj aliaj valutoj kaj la sola valuto en kelkaj ekonomiaj branĉoj, ekzemple la komercado per <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafto" title="Nafto">nafto</a>.<br />
La usona dolaro estas la valuto ne nur de Usono, sed ankaŭ de<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekvadoro" title="Ekvadoro">Ekvadoro</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C5%9Daloj" title="Marŝaloj">Marŝaloj</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federacio_de_Mikronezio" title="Federacio de Mikronezio">Federacio de Mikronezio</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienta_Timoro" title="Orienta Timoro">Orienta Timoro</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto-Riko" title="Puerto-Riko">Puerto-Riko</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkoj_kaj_Kajkoj" title="Turkoj kaj Kajkoj">Turkoj kaj Kajkoj</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usonaj_Virgulininsuloj" title="Usonaj Virgulininsuloj">Usonaj Virgulininsuloj</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaj_Virgulininsuloj" title="Britaj Virgulininsuloj">Britaj Virgulininsuloj</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabvo" title="Zimbabvo">Zimbabvo</a></li>
</ul>
En Usono cirkulas <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monbileto" title="Monbileto">monbiletoj</a>
de 1 al 100 dolaroj, sed biletoj pli valoraj ol 10 dolaroj estas
malvolonte akceptataj (pro suspekto pri falseco). Ankaŭ du-dolaraj
biletoj ne estas vere oftaj. La biletoj montras bildojn de usonaj
politikistoj, plejparte prezidentoj:<br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;">
<a class="image" href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosiero:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="79" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/180px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="180" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosiero:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg" title="Pligrandigi"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;">
<a class="image" href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosiero:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_reverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, reverse.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg/180px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg" width="180" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosiero:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_reverse.jpg" title="Pligrandigi"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>$1: <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li>
<li>$2: <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li>
<li>$5: <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li>
<li>$10: <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></li>
<li>$20: <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li>
<li>$50: <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li>
<li>$100: <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usona_dolaro&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Etimologio">redakti</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Etimologio">Etimologio</span></h2>
La <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorto" title="Vorto">vorto</a> <i>dolaro</i> origine devenas de <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%9Dento" title="Arĝento">arĝenta</a> <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monero" title="Monero">monero</a>, produktita en la <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5io" title="Ĉeĥio">ĉeĥa</a> urbeto <i>Sankt Joachimsthal</i> (hodiaŭ <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1chymov" title="Jáchymov">Jáchymov</a>), komence nomata «Joachimsthaler» poste «T(h)aler» (<a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talero" title="Talero">talero</a>).<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usona_dolaro&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ">redakti</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD">Vidu ankaŭ</span></h2>
<div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; clear: right; float: right; font-size: 90%; padding: 4px; width: 250px;">
<ul class="noarchive">
<li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar?uselang=eo">Usona dolaro en la Vikimedia Komunejo</a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul>
<li>la dispartigan artikolon <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolaro_%28monunuo%29" title="Dolaro (monunuo)">Dolaro</a>, kiu listigas, en kiuj aliaj landoj la nacia valuto ankaŭ nomiĝas tiel, kaj</li>
<li>la artikolon pri la nacia valuto de <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenio" title="Slovenio">Slovenio</a>, <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolaro" title="Tolaro">Tolaro</a>, kiu havas la saman etimologion kiel la vorto <i>dolaro</i> kaj uziĝis de la ŝtata sendependiĝo dum la jaro <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> ĝis la enkonduko de la eŭropa valuto <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADro" title="Eŭro">Eŭro</a> dum januaro <a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>.</li>
</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-68355751203949803782012-01-31T16:15:00.000-08:002012-01-31T16:21:06.023-08:00United States dollar<div class="dablink">
"USD" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USD_%28disambiguation%29" title="USD (disambiguation)">USD (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg"><img alt="Question book-new.svg" height="39" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" /></a></div>
</td>
<td class="mbox-text">This article <b>relies on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary.2C_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a> or sources affiliated with the subject</b>, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">reliable sources</a>. <small><i>(April 2010)</i></small></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="infobox geography" style="font-size: 88%; width: 22em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="mergedtoprow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: center;">United States dollar</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" class="maptable" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.3em 0.6em;"><table style="background: none; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USDnotes.png" title="Federal Reserve Notes"><img alt="Federal Reserve Notes" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/USDnotes.png/126px-USDnotes.png" width="126" /></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LineartPresRev.png" title="$1 Coin"><img alt="$1 Coin" height="127" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LineartPresRev.png/126px-LineartPresRev.png" width="126" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Notes</a></td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_coin_%28United_States%29" title="Dollar coin (United States)">$1 Coin</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217 code</a></th>
<td><code>USD</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><span class="nowrap"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></span></th>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedbottomrow">
<td>Website</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/" rel="nofollow">www.federalreserve.gov</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><span class="nowrap">Official user(s)</span></th>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br />
<span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/22px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-9">[10]</a></sup><br />
<span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-10">[11]</a></sup><br />
<span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/22px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-11">[12]</a></sup><br />
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame1" style="border: none; padding: 0;">
<div align="left" class="NavHead" style="background: transparent; font-size: 105%;">
14 U.S. and 4 non-U.S.<br />
territories<a class="NavToggle" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6880620393932815061" id="NavToggle1">[show]</a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedbottomrow">
<th><span class="nowrap">Unofficial user(s)</span></th>
<td><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame2" style="border: none; padding: 0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background: transparent; font-size: 105%; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">
15 other countries<a class="NavToggle" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6880620393932815061" id="NavToggle2">[show]</a></div>
</div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame3" style="border: none; padding: 0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background: transparent; font-size: 105%; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">
4 non-U.S. territories<a class="NavToggle" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6880620393932815061" id="NavToggle3">[show]</a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a></th>
<td>3.39% Nov. 2011.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td>Source</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://inflationdata.com/inflation/Inflation_Rate/HistoricalInflation.aspx?dsInflation_currentPage=0" rel="nofollow">inflationdata.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td>Method</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_price_index" title="Consumer price index">CPI</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate" title="Fixed exchange rate">Pegged by</a></th>
<td><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame4" style="border: none; padding: 0;">
<div align="left" class="NavHead" style="background: transparent; font-size: 105%;">
23 currencies<a class="NavToggle" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6880620393932815061" id="NavToggle4">[show]</a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th>Subunit</th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td>1/10</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td>1/100</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_%28currency%29" title="Cent (currency)">Cent</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td><a href="tel://11000/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1/1000">1/1000</a></td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill_%28currency%29" title="Mill (currency)">Mill</a> (<i>used in accounting and by fuel stations</i>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_sign" title="Currency sign">Symbol</a></th>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th>Nickname</th>
<td>Buck, bean, paper, smackeroo, dead president, smacker, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenback" title="Greenback">greenback</a>.
Plural: dough, green, bread, bones, simoleons, skrilla, bank clams.
Also, Washingtons, Jeffersons, Lincolns, Jacksons, Benjamins, Grants,
and Hamiltons are used based on denomination; also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peso" title="Peso">peso</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piastre" title="Piastre">piastre</a> in Cajun <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coins</a></th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td>Freq. used</td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Cent (United States coin)">1¢</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5¢</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Dime (United States coin)">10¢</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25¢</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td>Rarely used</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_dollar_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">50¢</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Dollar (United States coin)">$1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Banknotes</a></th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td>Freq. used</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">$5</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">$10</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">$20</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill" title="United States fifty-dollar bill">$50</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_one_hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one hundred-dollar bill">$100</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td>Rarely used</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">$2</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency#.24500_bill" title="Large denominations of United States currency">$500</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency#.241.2C000_dollar_bill" title="Large denominations of United States currency">$1,000</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency#.245.2C000_bill" title="Large denominations of United States currency">$5,000</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency#.2410.2C000_bill" title="Large denominations of United States currency">$10,000</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency#.24100.2C000_bill" title="Large denominations of United States currency">$100,000</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_%28publisher%29" title="Printer (publisher)">Printer</a></th>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedbottomrow">
<td>Website</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/" rel="nofollow">www.moneyfactory.gov</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_%28coin%29" title="Mint (coin)">Mint</a></th>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedbottomrow">
<td>Website</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/" rel="nofollow">www.usmint.gov</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
The <b>United States dollar</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_sign" title="Currency sign">sign</a>: <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a></b>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">code</a>: <b>USD</b>; also abbreviated <b>US$</b>), also referred to as the <b>American dollar</b>, is the official <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America">United States of America</a> and its overseas territories. It is divided into 100 smaller units called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_%28currency%29" title="Cent (currency)">cents</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_%28currency%29" title="Cent (currency)">pennies</a>.<br />
The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international transactions</a> and is one of the world's dominant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currencies</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-13">[14]</a></sup> Several countries <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollarization" title="Dollarization">use it as their official currency</a> and, in many others, it is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto_currency" title="De facto currency"><i>de facto</i> currency</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-14">[15]</a></sup> It is also used as the sole currency in some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos" title="Turks and Caicos">Turks and Caicos</a>).<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Contents</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#" id="togglelink">hide</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Nicknames"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Nicknames</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Dollar_sign"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Dollar sign</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#History"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Continental_currency"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Continental currency</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Silver_and_gold_standards"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Silver and gold standards</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Coins"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Coins</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Collector_coins"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Collector coins</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Dollar_coins"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dollar coins</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Mint_marks"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mint marks</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Banknotes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Banknotes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Means_of_issue"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Means of issue</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Value"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Value</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Exchange_rates"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Exchange rates</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Historical_exchange_rates"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical exchange rates</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#Images_of_U.S._currency_and_coins"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Images of U.S. currency and coins</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span></h2>
The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Constitution of the United States of America">Constitution of the United States of America</a> provides that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> shall have the power "To coin Money".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-15">[16]</a></sup>
Laws implementing this power are currently codified in Section 5112 of
Title 31 of the United States Code. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in
which the United States dollars shall be issued.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Section5112_16-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-Section5112-16">[17]</a></sup> Those coins are both designated in Section 5112 as "legal tender" in payment of debts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Section5112_16-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-Section5112-16">[17]</a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar" title="Sacagawea dollar">Sacagawea dollar</a> is one example of the copper alloy dollar. The pure silver dollar is known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">American Silver Eagle</a>.
Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins,
which have values ranging from one cent to fifty dollars.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Section5112_16-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-Section5112-16">[17]</a></sup> These other coins are more fully described in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coins of the United States dollar</a>.<br />
The Constitution provides that "a regular Statement and Account of
the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published
from time to time".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-17">[18]</a></sup> That provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-18">[19]</a></sup> The sums of money reported in the "Statements" are currently being expressed in U.S. dollars (for example, see the <i>2009 Financial Report of the United States Government</i>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-19">[20]</a></sup> The U.S. dollar may therefore be described as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_of_account" title="Unit of account">unit of account</a> of the United States.<br />
The word "dollar" is one of the words in the first paragraph of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9:_Limits_on_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section 9</a> of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. In that context, "dollars" is a reference to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_milled_dollar" title="Spanish milled dollar">Spanish milled dollar</a>, a coin that had a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary" title="Monetary">monetary</a> value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_real" title="Spanish real">reales</a>. In 1792 the U.S. Congress adopted legislation titled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792"><i>An act establishing a mint, and regulating the Coins of the United States</i></a>.
Section 9 of that act authorized the production of various coins,
including "DOLLARS OR UNITS—each to be of the value of a Spanish milled
dollar as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and
seventy-one grains and four sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or four
hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver". Section 20 of the act
provided, "That the money of account of the United States shall be
expressed in dollars, or units... and that all accounts in the public
offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be
kept and had in conformity to this regulation". In other words, this act
designated the United States dollar as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency" title="Currency"><i>unit of currency</i></a> of the United States.<br />
The U.S. dollar bill uses the decimal system, consisting of 100 equal
cents (symbol ¢). It is also officially divided into 1,000 <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill_%28currency%29" title="Mill (currency)">mills</a></i> or ten <i>dimes</i>, while ten dollars is equal to an <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Eagle (United States coin)">eagle</a></i>. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; "dime" is used solely as the name of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28U.S._coin%29" title="Dime (U.S. coin)">coin</a>
with the value of 10¢, while "eagle" and "mill" are largely unknown to
the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> levies, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.59<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>9</sup>⁄<sub>10</sub></span>. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">U.S. coins</a> while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve notes</a>
(with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to
$100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar
coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is
significantly more common. In the past, "paper money" was occasionally
issued in denominations less than a dollar (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasury_%28Coin%29_Note" title="Treasury (Coin) Note">fractional currency</a>) and gold coins were issued for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_%28currency%29" title="Circulation (currency)">circulation</a> up to the value of $20 (known as the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">double eagle</a>," discontinued in the 1930s). The term <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Eagle (United States coin)">eagle</a></i> was used in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>
coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as
"fractional currency," was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as
"shinplasters." In 1854, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Guthrie_%28American_politician%29" title="James Guthrie (American politician)">James Guthrie</a>, then <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a "Union," "Half Union," and "Quarter Union,"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-20">[21]</a></sup> thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.<br />
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Series of 1917 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1 United States bill</a></div>
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Today, USD notes are made from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> fiber paper, unlike most common <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a>. U.S. dollar <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknotes</a> are printed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> and, since 1914, have been issued by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a>. The "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-sized_note" title="Large-sized note">large-sized notes</a>" issued before 1928 measured 7.42 inches (188 mm) by 3.125 inches (79.4 mm); <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-sized_note" title="Small-sized note">small-sized notes</a>,
introduced that year, measure 6.14 inches (156 mm) by 2.61 inches
(66 mm) by 0.0043 inches (0.11 mm). When the current, smaller sized U.S.
currency was introduced it was referred to as Philippine-sized currency
because the Philippines had previously adopted the same size for its
legal currency.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h2>
<div class="rellink">
Further information: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">Dollar</a></div>
In the 16th century, Count Hieronymus Schlick of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> began minting coins known as <i>Joachimstalers</i> (from German <i>thal,</i> or nowadays usually <i>Tal,</i> "valley", cognate with "dale" in English), named for <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachimstal" title="Joachimstal">Joachimstal</a>, the valley where the silver was mined (St. Joachim's Valley, now Jáchymov; then part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, now part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NatGeo_21-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-NatGeo-21">[22]</a></sup> Joachimstaler was later shortened to the German <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taler" title="Taler">Taler</a></i>, a word that eventually found its way into Danish and Swedish as <i>daler</i>, Dutch as <i>daalder</i>, Ethiopian as ታላሪ (talari), Hungarian as <i>tallér</i>, Italian as <i>tallero</i>, and English as <i>dollar</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NatGeo_21-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-NatGeo-21">[22]</a></sup> Alternatively, <i>thaler</i> is said to come from the German coin <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guldengroschen" title="Guldengroschen">Guldengroschen</a></i> ("great guilder", being of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> but equal in value to a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> guilder), minted from the silver from Joachimsthal.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nicknames">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Nicknames">Nicknames</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg"><img alt="Question book-new.svg" height="39" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" /></a></div>
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<td class="mbox-text">This section <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. Please help improve this section by adding citations to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">challenged</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><i>(April 2008)</i></small></td>
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The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">colloquialism</a> "<i>buck</i>" (much like the British word "<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">quid</a></i>"
for the pound sterling) is often used to refer to dollars of various
nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th
century, may have originated with the colonial fur trade.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-22">[23]</a></sup> "<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenback" title="Greenback">Greenback</a></i>" is another nickname originally applied specifically to the 19th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_Note" title="Demand Note">Demand Note</a> dollars created by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> to finance the costs of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Civil_War" title="United States Civil War">Civil War</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">North</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-23">[24]</a></sup>
The original note was printed in black and green on the back side. It
is still used to refer to the U.S. dollar (but not to the dollars of
other countries). Other well-known names of the dollar as a whole in
denominations include "<i>greenmail</i>", "<i>green</i>" and "<i>dead presidents</i>" (the last because late presidents are pictured on some of the bills).<br />
"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_%28number%29#In_popular_culture" title="1000 (number)"><i>Grand</i></a>", sometimes shortened to simply "<i>G</i>", is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix "<i>K</i>" or "<i>k</i>" (from "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilo-" title="Kilo-">kilo-</a>")
is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as "$10k" to mean
$10,000). In colloquial English, when someone refers to a "<i>large</i>" or "<i>stack</i>", it is usually a reference to an amount that is a multiple of $1,000 (such as "<i>fifty large</i>" meaning $50,000). Banknotes' nicknames are the same as their values (such as "<i>five</i>", "<i>twenty</i>" etc.) The $100 bill is nicknamed "<i>Benjamin</i>", "<i>Benji</i>" or "<i>Franklin</i>" (after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, who is pictured on the note), "<i>C-note</i>" (C being the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numeral" title="Roman numeral">Roman numeral</a> for 100), "<i>Century note</i>" or "<i>bill</i>" (e.g. "<i>two bills</i>" being $200). The $20 bill has been referred to as "<i>double sawbuck</i>", "<i>dub</i>" or "<i>Jackson</i>" (after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>); the $10 bill—as "<i>sawbuck</i>", "<i>ten-spot</i>" or "<i>Hamilton</i>" (after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>); the $5 bill—as "<i>fin</i>", "<i>fiver</i>" or "<i>five-spot</i>". The $2 bill is sometimes called "<i>deuce</i>", "<i>Tom</i>", "<i>Jefferson</i>" or "<i>T.J.</i>" (after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>); and the $1 bill—"<i>single</i>" or "<i>buck</i>". The dollar has also been referred to as a "<i>bone</i>" and "<i>bones</i>" in plural (e.g. "<i>twenty bones</i>" is equal to $20) or a "<i>bean</i>". The newer designs are sometimes referred to as "<i>Bigface</i>" bills or "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly_%28game%29" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a> money". Some people refer to U.S. money as "<i>cha-chingers</i>", "<i>bucks</i>", "<i>green-backs</i>" and "<i>smackers</i>".<br />
In French-speaking areas of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, the dollar is referred to as "<i>piastre</i>" (pronounced "pee-as") and the French holdover "<i>sous</i>" (pronounced "soo") is used to refer to the cent.<br />
In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, the equivalent of buck is "<i>palo</i>" (literally "stick").<br />
In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, the dollar is referred to as "<i>lata</i>".<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from October 2011">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, a nickname for the U.S. dollar is "<i>coco</i>", which is a pet name for <i>Jorge</i> ("<i>George</i>" in Spanish), a reference to the portrait of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> on the $1 note.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Ricans</a>, both living in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, may refer to the dollar as "<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peso" title="Peso">peso</a></i>".<br />
In some places in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, prices in U.S. dollars are referred to as "<i>en americano</i>" ("in American"), with the word "peso" used in Mexico primarily to refer to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a>.<br />
Cubans call the U.S. dollar "fula". Loosely translated from Cuban
jargon mean bad or not good. American money was not bad to have or use
by Cubans in the island, but its possession was penalized before the
mid-1990s, hence the nickname. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a> many times call it "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesos" title="Pesos">pesos</a>'.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dollar sign">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Dollar_sign">Dollar sign</span></h2>
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Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">Dollar sign</a></div>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potosi_Real.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="214" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Potosi_Real.jpg/220px-Potosi_Real.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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Silver <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_real" title="Spanish real">real</a></i> of 1768</div>
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The symbol <b>$</b>, usually written before the numerical amount, is
used for the U.S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). The
sign was the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">scribal abbreviation</a> "p<sup>s</sup>" for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peso" title="Peso">peso</a>. The <i>p</i> and the <i>s</i> eventually came to be written over each other giving rise to <i>$</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-24">[25]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-25">[26]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-26">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-27">[28]</a></sup><br />
Another popular explanation is that it comes from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a> on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain" title="Coat of arms of Spain">Spanish Coat of arms</a> on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_dollars" title="Spanish dollars">Spanish dollars</a> that were minted in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> mints in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potos%C3%AD" title="Potosí">Potosí</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, and in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. These <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a> on the silver <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a> coins take the form of two vertical bars (||) and a swinging cloth band in the shape of an "S".<br />
Yet another fictional explanation suggests that the dollar sign was
formed from the capital letters U and S written or printed one on top of
the other. This theory, popularized by novelist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a> in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-28">[29]</a></sup> does not consider the fact that the symbol was already in use before the formation of the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-29">[30]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-POV">
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<img alt="Unbalanced scales.svg" height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" width="45" /></div>
</td>
<td class="mbox-text">The <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>. Please see the discussion on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_dollar" title="Talk:United States dollar">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOVD#What_is_an_NPOV_dispute.3F" title="Wikipedia:NPOVD">dispute is resolved.</a> <small><i>(April 2010)</i></small></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">
See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="History of the United States dollar">History of the United States dollar</a></div>
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Obverse of rare 1934 $500 Federal Reserve Bill, featuring a portrait of President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>.</div>
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Reverse of $500 Bill</div>
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The first dollar coins issued by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> (founded 1792) were similar in size and composition to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a>.
The Spanish, U.S. silver dollars, and Mexican silver pesos circulated
side by side in the United States, and the Spanish dollar and Mexican
peso remained legal tender until <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1857" title="Coinage Act of 1857">1857</a>. The coinage of various English colonies also circulated. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_dollar" title="Lion dollar">lion dollar</a>
was popular in the Dutch New Netherland Colony (New York), but the lion
dollar also circulated throughout the English colonies during the 17th
century and early 18th century. Examples circulating in the colonies
were usually worn so that the design was not fully distinguishable, thus
they were sometimes referred to as "dog dollars".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-30">[31]</a></sup><br />
The U.S. dollar was created by the Constitution and defined by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a>.
It specified a "dollar" to be based in the Mexican peso at 1 dollar per
peso and between 371 and 416 grains (27.0 g) of silver (depending on
purity) and an "eagle" to be between 247 and 270 grains (17 g) of gold
(again depending on purity). The choice of the value 371 grains arose
from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>'s
decision to base the new American unit on the average weight of a
selection of worn Spanish dollars (and later Mexican peso). Hamilton got
the treasury to weigh a sample of Spanish dollars and the average
weight came out to be 371 grains. A new Spanish dollar was usually about
377 grains in weight, and so the new <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._dollar" title="U.S. dollar">U.S. dollar</a> was at a slight discount in relation to the Spanish dollar.<br />
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a>
set the value of an eagle at 10 dollars, and the dollar at 1/10 eagle.
It called for 90% silver alloy coins in denominations of 1, 1/2, 1/4,
1/10, and 1/20 dollars; it called for 90% gold alloy coins in
denominations of 1, 1/2, 1/4, and 1/10 eagles.<br />
The value of gold or silver contained in the dollar was then
converted into relative value in the economy for the buying and selling
of goods. This allowed the value of things to remain fairly constant
over time, except for the influx and outflux of gold and silver in the
nation's economy.<br />
The early currency of the USA did not exhibit faces of presidents, as
is the custom now. In fact, George Washington was against having his
face on the currency, a practice he compared to the policies of European
monarchs.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from September 2011">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
The currency as we know it today did not get the faces they currently
have until after the early 20th century; before that "heads" side of
coinage used profile faces and striding, seated, and standing figures
from Greek and Roman mythology and composite native Americans. The last
coins to be converted to profiles of historic Americans were the dime
(1946) and the Dollar (1971).<br />
For articles on the currencies of the colonies and states, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_pound" title="Connecticut pound">Connecticut pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_pound" title="Delaware pound">Delaware pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_pound" title="Georgia pound">Georgia pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_pound" title="Maryland pound">Maryland pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_pound" title="Massachusetts pound">Massachusetts pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_pound" title="New Hampshire pound">New Hampshire pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_pound" title="New Jersey pound">New Jersey pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_pound" title="New York pound">New York pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_pound" title="North Carolina pound">North Carolina pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_pound" title="Pennsylvania pound">Pennsylvania pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island_pound" title="Rhode Island pound">Rhode Island pound</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina_pound" title="South Carolina pound">South Carolina pound</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_pound" title="Virginia pound">Virginia pound</a>.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Continental currency">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Continental_currency">Continental currency</span></h3>
<div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">
See also: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_currency" title="Continental currency">Continental currency</a></div>
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Continental One Third Dollar Bill (obverse)</div>
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In 1775, the United States and the individual states began issuing
"Continental Currency" denominated in Spanish dollars and (for the
issues of the states) the £sd currencies of the states. The dollar was
valued relative to the states' currencies at the following rates:<br />
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 450pt;">State</th>
<th>Value of Dollar<br />
in State Currency</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_%28U.S._state%29" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td>
<td align="center">5 Shillings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td>
<td align="center">6 Shillings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td>
<td align="center">7½ Shillings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td>
<td align="center">8 Shillings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td>
<td align="center">32½ Shillings</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
The continental currency suffered from printing press inflation and
was replaced by the silver dollar at the rate of 1 silver dollar = 1000
continental dollars.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Silver and gold standards">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Silver_and_gold_standards">Silver and gold standards</span></h3>
<table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced">
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<td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg"><img alt="Question book-new.svg" height="39" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" /></a></div>
</td>
<td class="mbox-text">This section <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. Please help improve this section by adding citations to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">challenged</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><i>(April 2010)</i></small></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
From 1792, when the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_Act" title="Mint Act">Mint Act</a> was passed, the dollar was defined as 371.25 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_%28unit%29" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a> (24.056 g) of silver. Many historians<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material in the vicinity of this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. from February 2009">who?</span></a></i>]</sup>
erroneously assume gold was standardized at a fixed rate in parity with
silver; however, there is no evidence of Congress making this law. This
has to do with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>'s
suggestion to Congress of a fixed 15:1 ratio of silver to gold,
respectively. The gold coins that were minted however, were not given
any denomination whatsoever and traded for a market value relative to
the Congressional standard of the silver dollar. 1834 saw a shift in the
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> to 23.2 grains (1.50 g), followed by a slight adjustment to 23.22 grains (1.505 g) in 1837 (16:1 ratio).<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from October 2007">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
In 1862, paper money was issued without the backing of precious metals, due to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>.
Silver and gold coins continued to be issued and in 1878 the link
between paper money and coins was reinstated. This disconnection from
gold and silver backing also occurred during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>.
The use of paper money not backed by precious metals had also occurred
under the Articles of Confederation from 1777 to 1788. With no solid
backing and being easily counterfeited, the continentals quickly lost
their value, giving rise to the phrase "not worth a continental". This
was a primary reason for the "No state shall... make any thing but gold
and silver coin a tender in payment of debts" clause in article 1,
section 10 of the United States Constitution.<br />
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Standard_Act" title="Gold Standard Act">Gold Standard Act</a>
of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as
23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_ounce" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a>
of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation
until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the
half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last
issued for circulation in 1970.<br />
Gold coins were confiscated by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102" title="Executive Order 6102">Executive Order 6102</a>
issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to
13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce
of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. Between 1968 and
1975, a variety of pegs to gold were put in place. The price was at
$42.22 per ounce before August 15, 1971<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from October 2007">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> saw the U.S. dollar freely float on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">currency markets</a>.<br />
According to the <a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/" rel="nofollow">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a>,
the largest note it ever printed was the $100,000 Gold Certificate,
Series 1934. These notes were printed from December 18, 1934 through
January 9, 1935, and were issued by the Treasurer of the United States
to Federal Reserve Banks only against an equal amount of gold bullion
held by the Treasury. These notes were used for transactions between
Federal Reserve Banks and were not circulated among the general public.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Coins">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Coins">Coins</span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coins of the United States dollar</a></div>
Official United States coins have been produced every year from 1792 to the present.<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_cent_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half-cent</a> 1792–1857</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Penny (United States coin)">Cent (Penny)</a> 1793–present</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-cent_piece_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Two-cent piece (United States coin)">2-cent</a> 1864–1873</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-cent_piece_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Three-cent piece (United States coin)">3-cent</a> 1851–1889</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_Dime" title="Half Dime">Half Dime</a>, or half disme 1792–1873 (Not to be confused with the Five-cent Nickel below)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Nickel (United States coin)">Five-cent Nickel</a> 1866–present</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime</a> 1792–present</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">20-cent</a> 1875–1878</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Quarter (United States coin)">Quarter</a> 1796–present</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_dollar_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar</a> 1794–present</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_coin_%28United_States%29" title="Dollar coin (United States)">Dollar coin</a> 1794–present</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_Eagle" title="Quarter Eagle">Quarter Eagle</a> ($2.50 gold coin) 1792–1929</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">Three-dollar piece</a> 1854–1889 (gold coin)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Stella (United States coin)">Four-dollar piece</a> 1879–1880 (gold coin)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_Eagle" title="Half Eagle">Half Eagle</a> ($5 gold coin) 1795–1929</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Eagle (United States coin)">Eagle</a> ($10 gold coin) 1795–1933</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Eagle" title="Double Eagle">Double Eagle</a> ($20 gold coin) 1850–1933</li>
</ul>
<b>Collector coins</b> for which everyday transactions are non-existent.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-31">[32]</a></sup><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Eagle_bullion_coins" title="American Eagle bullion coins">American Eagles</a>
originally were not available from the Mint for individuals but had to
be purchased from authorized dealers. In 2006 The Mint began direct
sales to individuals of uncirculated bullion coins with a special
finish, and bearing a "W" mintmark.
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">American Silver Eagle</a> $1 (1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_ounce" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a>) silver bullion coin 1986–present</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">American Gold Eagle</a> $5 (1/10 troy oz), $10 (1/4 troy oz), $25 (1/2 troy oz), and $50 (1 troy oz) Gold bullion coin 1986–present</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">American Platinum Eagle</a> ($10, $25, $50, and $100 platinum coin) 1997–present</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coin" title="United States commemorative coin">United States commemorative coins</a>—special issue coins
<ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">$50.00 (Half Union)</a> 1915</li>
<li>Presidential Proofs (see below) 2007–present</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though some are far more valuable today for their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatic</a> value, and for gold and silver coins, their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">precious metal</a> value. From 1965 to 1970 the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a> was the only <i>circulating</i> coin with any silver content though the Mint still makes what it calls Silver Proof sets for collectors.<br />
In addition, an experimental <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Stella (United States coin)">$4.00 (Stella)</a>
coin was also minted, but never placed into circulation and is properly
considered to be a pattern rather than an actual coin denomination.<br />
The $50 coin mentioned was only produced in 1915 for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama-Pacific_International_Exposition_%281915%29" title="Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915)">Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915)</a> celebrating the opening of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>.
Only 1,128 were made, 645 of which were octagonal; this remains the
only U.S. coin that was not round as well as the largest and heaviest
U.S. coin ever.<br />
From 1934 to present the only denominations produced for circulation
have been the familiar penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar and
dollar. The nickel is the only coin still in use today that is
essentially unchanged (except in its design) from its original version.
Every year since 1866, the nickel has been 75% copper and 25% nickel,
except for 4 years during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> when nickel was needed for the war.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Collector coins">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Collector_coins">Collector coins</span></h3>
The United States Mint produces Proof Sets specifically for collectors and speculators. <i>Silver Proofs</i>
tend to be the standard designs but with the dime, quarter, half
dollar, and in some cases the dollar having silver content. Another type
of proof set is the Presidential Dollar Proof Set where four special $1
coins are minted each featuring a president.<br />
<ul>
<li>2007 had George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison</li>
<li>2008 had James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, and Martin Van Buren</li>
<li>2009 had William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, James K. Polk, and Zachary Taylor</li>
<li>2010 had Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, and Abraham Lincoln</li>
<li>2011 is to have Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, and James A. Garfield</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dollar coins">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Dollar_coins">Dollar coins</span></h3>
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<td class="mbox-text">This section <b>may <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles">stray from the topic</a> of the article</b> into the topic of another article, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coins of the United States dollar</a></i>. Please help <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit">improve this section</a> or discuss this issue on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_dollar" title="Talk:United States dollar">talk page</a>. <small><i>(April 2010)</i></small></td>
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<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowing_Hair_Dollar" title="Flowing Hair Dollar">Flowing Hair Dollar</a></div>
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</div>
The first United States dollar was minted in 1794. Known as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowing_Hair_Dollar" title="Flowing Hair Dollar">Flowing Hair Dollar</a>, it contained 416 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_%28mass%29" title="Grain (mass)">grains</a> of "standard silver" (89.25% <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> and 10.75% <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>), as specified by Section 13 <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-32">[33]</a></sup> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a>. It was designated by Section 9 of that Act as having "the value of a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_milled_dollar" title="Spanish milled dollar">Spanish milled dollar</a>".<br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Dollar (United States coin)">Dollar coins</a> have not been very popular in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-33">[34]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar_coin" title="United States dollar coin">Silver dollars</a> were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">dollar</a>
coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they
were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly equal size, their
milled edge, and their similar color. Minting of these dollars for
circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in
1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a>.
As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and
dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending
machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were
struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin, featuring <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a>, (the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar" title="Sacagawea dollar">Sacagawea dollar</a>)
was introduced, which corrected some of the mistakes of the Anthony
dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring
changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. However,
this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing
$1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to
simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have
been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the
dollar coin to gain popular support.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-34">[35]</a></sup><br />
In February 2007, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Mint" title="U.S. Mint">U.S. Mint</a>, under the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_$1_Coin_Act_of_2005" title="Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005">Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-35">[36]</a></sup> introduced a new $1 U.S. Presidential dollar coin. Based on the success of the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_State_Quarters" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a>" series, the new coin features a sequence of presidents in order of their inaugurations, starting with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, on the obverse side. The reverse side features the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>. To allow for larger, more detailed portraits, the traditional inscriptions of "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Pluribus_Unum" title="E Pluribus Unum">E Pluribus Unum</a>",
"In God We Trust", the year of minting or issuance, and the mint mark
will be inscribed on the edge of the coin instead of the face. This
feature, similar to the edge inscriptions seen on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_pound_%28British_decimal_coin%29" title="One pound (British decimal coin)">British £1</a>
coin, is not usually associated with U.S. coin designs. The inscription
"Liberty" has been eliminated, with the Statue of Liberty serving as a
sufficient replacement. In addition, due to the nature of U.S. coins,
this will be the first time there will be circulating U.S. coins of
different denominations with the same president featured on the obverse
(heads) side (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a>/<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Cent (United States coin)">penny</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Dime (United States coin)">dime</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Quarter (United States coin)">quarter</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_dollar_%28United_States_coin%29" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">half dollar</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">dollar</a>). Another unusual fact about the new $1 coin is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>
will have two coins with his portrait issued due to the fact he was the
only U.S. President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-36">[37]</a></sup><br />
Early releases of the Washington coin included <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_coins" title="Error coins">error coins</a>
shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee
banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as
$850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by
the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST
2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly
Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without
opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is
minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur
collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering
error" coins.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-37">[38]</a></sup>
Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes
more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in
a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this
argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes
which have been withdrawn from circulation bring in no net revenue to
the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying
the old ones. As most <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vending_machines" title="Vending machines">vending machines</a> are incapable of making change in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknotes" title="Banknotes">banknotes</a>, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mint marks">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Mint_marks">Mint marks</span></h3>
Most U.S. coins bear a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_mark" title="Mint mark">mint mark</a> as part of the design, usually found on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">front</a> of the coin near the date although in the past it was more commonly found on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">reverse</a>. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> issues coins bearing a letter P (or no mark at all), while the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">Denver Mint</a> uses a letter D. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco Mint</a>
uses an S, though no coins have been released from that mint for
general circulation since 1980. It does, however, continue to strike <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_coinage" title="Proof coinage">proof</a> coins for collectors. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point_Mint" title="West Point Mint">West Point Mint</a>
uses a W, though this is rarely seen as the West Point mint generally
only makes high denomination coins (with face values over $1.00) which
are not meant for everyday use. A CC mark, for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_City_Mint" title="Carson City Mint">Carson City Mint</a>, was used from 1870 to 1893, but the mint at that location was only a temporary establishment. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">New Orleans Mint</a>
used a mint mark O. It operated from 1838 until Louisiana seceded from
the Union in 1861, and again from 1879 to 1909. The letter D was also
used for coinage of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlonega_Mint" title="Dahlonega Mint">Dahlonega Mint</a> from 1837 to 1861, and C was used for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Mint" title="Charlotte Mint">Charlotte Mint</a> during the same timespan. The latter two mints struck gold coins only.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Banknotes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Banknotes">Banknotes</span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Note</a></div>
The U.S. Constitution provides that Congress shall have the power to "borrow money on the credit of the United States".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-38">[39]</a></sup> Congress has exercised that power by authorizing <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Banks" title="Federal Reserve Banks">Federal Reserve Banks</a> to issue <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Notes" title="Federal Reserve Notes">Federal Reserve Notes</a>.
Those notes are "obligations of the United States" and "shall be
redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the
United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at
any Federal Reserve bank."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-39">[40]</a></sup> Federal Reserve Notes are designated by law as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a>" for the payment of debts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-40">[41]</a></sup> Congress has also authorized the issuance of more than 10 other types of banknotes, including the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">United States Note</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-41">[42]</a></sup> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_Note" title="Federal Reserve Bank Note">Federal Reserve Bank Note</a>. The Federal Reserve Note is the only type that remains in circulation since the 1970s.<br />
Currently printed denominations are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">$2</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">$5</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">$10</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">$20</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill" title="United States fifty-dollar bill">$50</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_one_hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one hundred-dollar bill">$100</a>.
Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and
were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were
used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>; it was the latter usage that prompted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President">President</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_denomination_bills_in_U.S._currency" title="Large denomination bills in U.S. currency">large denomination bills in U.S. currency</a> for details. These notes are now collector's items and are worth more than their face value to collectors.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
Though still predominantly green, post-2004 series incorporate other
colors to better distinguish different denominations. As a result of a
2008 decision in an accessibility lawsuit filed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Council_of_the_Blind" title="American Council of the Blind">American Council of the Blind</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a>
is planning to implement a raised tactile feature in the next redesign
of each note, except the $1 and the version of the $100 bill already in
process. It also plans larger, higher-contrast numerals, more color
differences, and distribution of currency readers to assist the visually
impaired during the transition period.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-42">[43]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Means of issue">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Means_of_issue">Means of issue</span></h2>
Currently, the US government maintains over 800 billion US dollars in
cash money (primarily Federal Reserve Notes) in circulation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-43">[44]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-44">[45]</a></sup> The amount of cash in circulation is increased (or decreased) by the actions of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a>. Eight times a year, the 12-person <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Open_Market_Committee" title="Federal Open Market Committee">Federal Open Market Committee</a> meet to determine US <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">monetary policy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-45">[46]</a></sup> Every business day, the Federal Reserve System engages in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_market_operations" title="Open market operations">Open market operations</a> to carry out that monetary policy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-46">[47]</a></sup> If the Federal Reserve desires to increase the money supply, it will buy securities (such as US Treasury Bonds) anonymously<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2011">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
from banks in exchange for dollars. Conversely, it will sell securities
to the banks in exchange for dollars, to take dollars out of
circulation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newyorkfed.org_47-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-newyorkfed.org-47">[48]</a></sup><br />
When the Federal Reserve makes a purchase, it credits the seller's
reserve account (with the Federal Reserve). This money is not
transferred from any existing funds—it is at this point that the Federal
Reserve has created new <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-powered_money" title="High-powered money">high-powered money</a>.
Commercial banks can freely withdraw in cash any excess reserves from
their reserve account at the Federal Reserve. To fulfill those requests,
the Federal Reserve places an order for printed money from the US
Treasury Department.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-48">[49]</a></sup> The Treasury Department in turn sends these requests to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (to print new <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_notes" title="Federal Reserve notes">dollar bills</a>) and the Bureau of the Mint (to stamp the coins).<br />
Usually, the short term goal of open market operations is to achieve a
specific short term interest rate target. In other instances, monetary
policy might instead entail the targeting of a specific exchange rate
relative to some foreign currency or else relative to gold. For example,
in the case of the USA the Federal Reserve targets the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_funds_rate" title="Federal funds rate">federal funds rate</a>,
the rate at which member banks lend to one another overnight. The other
primary means of conducting monetary policy include: (i) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discount_window" title="Discount window">Discount window</a> lending (as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort" title="Lender of last resort">lender of last resort</a>);
(ii) Fractional deposit lending (changes in the reserve requirement);
(iii) Moral suasion (cajoling certain market players to achieve
specified outcomes); (iv) "Open mouth operations" (talking monetary
policy with the market).<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Value">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Value">Value</span></h2>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0em 0em 0em 1em;">
<caption><b>Buying power of one U.S. dollar compared to 1774 USD</b></caption>
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td><table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th> Year </th>
<th style="font-size: 95%; width: 40pt;"> Equivalent buying power</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1774</td>
<td> $1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1780</td>
<td> $0.59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1790</td>
<td> $0.89</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1800</td>
<td> $0.64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1810</td>
<td> $0.66</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1820</td>
<td> $0.69</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1830</td>
<td> $0.88</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1840</td>
<td> $0.94</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1850</td>
<td> $1.03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1860</td>
<td> $0.97</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td><table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th> Year </th>
<th style="font-size: 95%; width: 40pt;"> Equivalent buying power</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1870</td>
<td> $0.62</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1880</td>
<td> $0.79</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1890</td>
<td> $0.89</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1900</td>
<td> $0.96</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1910</td>
<td> $0.85</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1920</td>
<td> $0.39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1930</td>
<td> $0.47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1940</td>
<td> $0.56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1950</td>
<td> $0.33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1960</td>
<td> $0.26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td><table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th> Year </th>
<th style="font-size: 95%; width: 40pt;"> Equivalent buying power</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1970</td>
<td> $0.20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1980</td>
<td> $0.10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1990</td>
<td> $0.06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2000</td>
<td> $0.05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2007</td>
<td> $0.04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2008</td>
<td> $0.04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2009</td>
<td> $0.04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2010</td>
<td> $0.03</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 462px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Consumer_Price_Index_Graph.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="288" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/US_Consumer_Price_Index_Graph.svg/460px-US_Consumer_Price_Index_Graph.svg.png" width="460" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Consumer_Price_Index_Graph.svg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
U.S. Consumer Price Index 1913–2006</div>
</div>
</div>
The 5th paragraph of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_clause" title="Coinage clause">Section 8</a>
of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution provides that the U.S. Congress
shall have the power to "coin money" and to "regulate the value" of
domestic and foreign coins. Congress exercised those powers when it
enacted the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a>. That Act provided for the minting of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowing_Hair_Dollar" title="Flowing Hair Dollar">first U.S. dollar</a> and it declared that the U.S. dollar shall have "the value of a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_milled_dollar" title="Spanish milled dollar">Spanish milled dollar</a> as the same is now current".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-49">[50]</a></sup><br />
The table to the right shows the equivalent amount of goods that, in a
particular year, could be purchased with $1. The table shows that from
1774 through 2009 the U.S. dollar has lost about 96.4% of its buying
power.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-measuring-worth_50-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-measuring-worth-50">[51]</a></sup><br />
The decline in the value of the U.S. dollar corresponds to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_inflation" title="Price inflation">price inflation</a>, which is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-51">[52]</a></sup> A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_price_index" title="Consumer price index">consumer price index</a> (CPI) is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Consumer_Price_Index" title="United States Consumer Price Index">United States Consumer Price Index</a>, published by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>, is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-52">[53]</a></sup> It reflects inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-53">[54]</a></sup> A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to <a href="tel://1982-1984/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1982-1984">1982-1984</a> and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right.<br />
The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-54">[55]</a></sup> The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a>,
which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an "elastic"
currency subject to "substantial changes of quantity over short
periods," which differed significantly from previous forms of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-powered_money" title="High-powered money">high-powered money</a> such as gold, national bank notes, and silver coins.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-55">[56]</a></sup>
Over the very long run, the prior gold standard kept prices stable—for
instance, the price level and the value of the U.S. dollar in 1914 was
not very different from the price level in the 1880s. The Federal
Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar
and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World
War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before
presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-central-banking-then-and-now_56-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-central-banking-then-and-now-56">[57]</a></sup><br />
Under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a> established after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>,
the value of the U.S. dollar was fixed to $35 per ounce, and the value
of the U.S. dollar was thus anchored to the value of gold. Rising
government spending in the 1960s, however, led to doubts about the
ability of the United States to maintain this convertibility, gold
stocks dwindled as banks and international investors began to convert
dollars to gold, and as a result the value of the dollar began to
decline. Facing an emerging <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_crisis" title="Currency crisis">currency crisis</a>
and the imminent danger that the United States would no longer be able
to redeem dollars for gold, gold convertibility was finally terminated
in 1971 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">President Nixon</a>, resulting in the "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_shock" title="Nixon shock">Nixon shock</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inflation-historical-perspective_57-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-inflation-historical-perspective-57">[58]</a></sup><br />
The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to
gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the
U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the
money supply, resulting in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a>
and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was
largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation
and real economic growth were linked (the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_curve" title="Phillips curve">Phillips curve</a>), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inflation-historical-perspective_57-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-inflation-historical-perspective-57">[58]</a></sup> Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-measuring-worth_50-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-measuring-worth-50">[51]</a></sup><br />
In 1979, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">President Carter</a> appointed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Federal_Reserve" title="Chairman of the Federal Reserve">Chairman of the Federal Reserve</a>.
The Federal Reserve tightened the money supply and inflation was
substantially lower in the 1980s, and hence the value of the U.S. dollar
stabilized.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inflation-historical-perspective_57-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-inflation-historical-perspective-57">[58]</a></sup><br />
Over the thirty-year period from 1981 to 2009, the U.S. dollar lost over half its value.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-measuring-worth_50-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-measuring-worth-50">[51]</a></sup>
This is because the Federal Reserve has targeted not zero inflation,
but a low, stable rate of inflation—between 1987 and 1997, the rate of
inflation was approximately 3.5%, and between 1997 and 2007 it was
approximately 2%. The so-called "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Moderation" title="Great Moderation">Great Moderation</a>" of economic conditions since the 1970s is credited to monetary policy targeting price stability.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inflation-historical-perspective_57-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-inflation-historical-perspective-57">[58]</a></sup><br />
There is ongoing debate about whether central banks should target
zero inflation (which would mean a constant value for the U.S. dollar
over time) or low, stable inflation (which would mean a continuously but
slowly declining value of the dollar over time, as is the case now).
Although some economists are in favor of a zero inflation policy and
therefore a constant value for the U.S. dollar,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-central-banking-then-and-now_56-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-central-banking-then-and-now-56">[57]</a></sup> others contend that such a policy limits the ability of the central bank to control <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest_rates" title="Interest rates">interest rates</a> and stimulate the economy when needed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-58">[59]</a></sup><br />
Contrary to some urban legends, there is not now, nor has there ever
been, any skins of animals contained in US monies. The term frog skin,
in reference to the bill, is in regards to the coloration of the bill's
back.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Exchange rates">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Exchange_rates">Exchange rates</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Historical exchange rates">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_exchange_rates">Historical exchange rates</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable"><caption>Currency units per U.S. dollar, averaged over the year.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-59">[60]</a></sup> * = value at start of year. 1864</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><br /></th>
<th>1970*</th>
<th>1980*</th>
<th>1985*</th>
<th>1990*</th>
<th>1993</th>
<th>1999</th>
<th>2000</th>
<th>2001</th>
<th>2002</th>
<th>2003</th>
<th>2004</th>
<th>2005</th>
<th>2006</th>
<th>2007</th>
<th>2008</th>
<th>2009</th>
<th>2010</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>0.8343</td>
<td>0.8551</td>
<td>0.9387</td>
<td>1.0832</td>
<td>1.1171</td>
<td>1.0578</td>
<td>0.8833</td>
<td>0.8040</td>
<td>0.8033</td>
<td>0.7960</td>
<td>0.7293</td>
<td>0.6791</td>
<td>0.7176</td>
<td>0.6739</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></td>
<td>357.6</td>
<td>240.45</td>
<td>250.35</td>
<td>146.25</td>
<td>111.08</td>
<td>113.73</td>
<td>107.80</td>
<td>121.57</td>
<td>125.22</td>
<td>115.94</td>
<td>108.15</td>
<td>110.11</td>
<td>116.31</td>
<td>117.76</td>
<td>103.39</td>
<td>93.68</td>
<td>87.78</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a></td>
<td>0.4164</td>
<td>0.4484<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-austats_60-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-austats-60">[61]</a></sup></td>
<td>0.8613<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-austats_60-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-austats-60">[61]</a></sup></td>
<td>0.6207</td>
<td>0.6660</td>
<td>0.6184</td>
<td>0.6598</td>
<td>0.6946</td>
<td>0.6656</td>
<td>0.6117</td>
<td>0.5456</td>
<td>0.5493</td>
<td>0.5425</td>
<td>0.4995</td>
<td>0.5392</td>
<td>0.6385</td>
<td>0.4548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a></td>
<td>1.081</td>
<td>1.168</td>
<td>1.321</td>
<td>1.1605</td>
<td>1.2902</td>
<td>1.4858</td>
<td>1.4855</td>
<td>1.5487</td>
<td>1.5704</td>
<td>1.4008</td>
<td>1.3017</td>
<td>1.2115</td>
<td>1.1340</td>
<td>1.0734</td>
<td>1.0660</td>
<td>1.1412</td>
<td>1.0298</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>2.80<sup>1</sup></td>
<td>2.67<sup>1</sup></td>
<td>2.50<sup>1</sup></td>
<td>3.1237</td>
<td>9.553</td>
<td>9.459</td>
<td>9.337</td>
<td>9.663</td>
<td>10.793</td>
<td>11.290</td>
<td>10.894</td>
<td>10.906</td>
<td>10.928</td>
<td>11.143</td>
<td>13.498</td>
<td>12.623</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi_yuan" title="Renminbi yuan">Renminbi yuan</a></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>1.7050</td>
<td>2.9366</td>
<td>4.7832</td>
<td>5.7620</td>
<td>8.2783</td>
<td>8.2784</td>
<td>8.2770</td>
<td>8.2771</td>
<td>8.2772</td>
<td>8.2768</td>
<td>8.1936</td>
<td>7.9723</td>
<td>7.6058</td>
<td>6.9477</td>
<td>6.8307</td>
<td>6.7696</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>0.0213</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.029</td>
<td>0.021</td>
<td>0.021</td>
<td>0.026</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.027</td>
<td>0.021</td>
<td>0.026</td>
<td>0.021</td>
<td>0.025</td>
<td>0.027</td>
<td>0.021</td>
<td>0.029</td>
<td>0.026</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>2.179</td>
<td>1.903</td>
<td>1.6158</td>
<td>1.6951</td>
<td>1.7361</td>
<td>1.7930</td>
<td>1.7908</td>
<td>1.7429</td>
<td>1.6902</td>
<td>1.6639</td>
<td>1.5882</td>
<td>1.5065</td>
<td>1.4140</td>
<td>1.4543</td>
<td>1.<a href="tel://24586/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 24586">24586</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Rand" title="South African Rand">South African Rand</a></td>
<td>0.7182</td>
<td>0.7780</td>
<td>2.2343<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SAmeasuringW_61-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar#cite_note-SAmeasuringW-61">[62]</a></sup></td>
<td>2.5600</td>
<td>3.2729</td>
<td>6.1191</td>
<td>6.9468</td>
<td>8.6093</td>
<td>10.5176</td>
<td>7.5550</td>
<td>6.4402</td>
<td>6.3606</td>
<td>6.7668</td>
<td>7.0477</td>
<td>8.2480</td>
<td>8.4117</td>
<td>11.<a href="tel://73161/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 73161">73161</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="18"><sub>Source: <a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" rel="nofollow">Last 4 years</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20060103/" rel="nofollow">2005-2002</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20040102/" rel="nofollow">2003-2100</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20000103/" rel="nofollow">1996-1999</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/19970107/" rel="nofollow">1993-1996</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.x-rates.com/cgi-bin/hlookup.cgi" rel="nofollow">1990</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.rba.gov.au/Statistics/HistoricalExchangeRates/index.html" rel="nofollow">1970-1992</a> <a class="external text" href="http://intl.econ.cuhk.edu.hk/exchange_rate_regime/index.php?cid=8" rel="nofollow">1970-1985 Canada, China, Mexico</a></sub>
<sub>1. Mexican peso values prior to 1993 revaluation.</sub></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-12245997951102931752012-01-31T16:13:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:21:21.353-08:00Δολάριο ΗΠΑ<div id="siteSub">
Από τη Βικιπαίδεια, την ελεύθερη εγκυκλοπαίδεια</div>
<div class="dablink" style="background: #ECECEC; border-width: 0 0 1px 0; border: solid #DFDFDF;">
<dl><dd><img alt="Αποσαφήνιση" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" width="20" /> <i>Ο όρος «Δολάριο» ανακατευθύνει εδώ. Για άλλες χρήσεις, δείτε <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%28%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7%29" title="Δολάριο (αποσαφήνιση)">Δολάριο (αποσαφήνιση)</a>.</i></dd></dl>
</div>
<table align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class="infobox" style="margin-bottom: .5em; margin-left: .5em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle"><b>Δολάριο</b><br />
<i><b>United States dollar</b></i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#DCDCDC" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle"><a class="image" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/230px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="230" /></a>
<br />
<small>χαρτονόμισμα ενός δολαρίου</small></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Χώρα:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;"><a class="image" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Flag_of_the_United_States_%283-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg"><img alt="Flag of the United States (3-2 aspect ratio).svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_United_States_%283-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%283-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png" width="20" /></a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής">ΗΠΑ</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Υποδιαίρεση:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;">100 σεντς (<i>cents</i>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;">USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Συντομογραφία:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;">$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#c0c0c0;" colspan="2" style="background: #ffffff; border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle"><a class="image" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Dollar_Sign.svg"><img alt="Dollar Sign.svg" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Dollar_Sign.svg/60px-Dollar_Sign.svg.png" width="60" /></a><small><br />
<a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σύμβολο νομίσματος">Σύμβολο</a></small></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Πληθωρισμός:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Πηγή:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Μέθοδος:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Μηχανισμός Συναλλαγματικών Ισοτιμιών|ΜΣΙ:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Αποσύρθηκε:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080;" valign="middle" width="70px"><small><b>Σταθερή ισοτιμία από:</b></small></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: solid 1px #808080;"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Το <b>δολάριο</b> (<a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αγγλική γλώσσα">αγγλ.</a> <i>dollar</i>) είναι το <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1_%28%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%29" title="Νόμισμα (Νομισματική μονάδα)">νόμισμα</a> των <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="ΗΠΑ">Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών Αμερικής</a>. Διαιρείται σε 100 σεντς (<a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αγγλική γλώσσα">αγγλ.</a> <i>cents</i>). Ο κωδικός <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a> του δολαρίου ΗΠΑ είναι USD.<br />
Η ονομασία του προέρχεται από το ισπανικό δολάριο (νόμισμα των οκτώ ρεαλιών, στα <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ισπανική γλώσσα">ισπανικά</a> reales), το οποίο με την σειρά του είχε λάβει το όνομά του πιθανώς από το παλαιό γερμανικό νόμισμα Τάλερ (στα <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γερμανική γλώσσα">γερμανικά</a> Thaler).<br />
Σε κανονική κυκλοφορία υπάρχουν <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κέρμα">κέρματα</a>
με ονομαστική αξία 1¢ (Cent, επίσης γνωστό ως Penny), 5¢ (Nickel), 10¢
(Dime), 25¢ (επισήμως «τέταρτο του δολαρίου», Quarter Dollar, ή απλά
Quarter στην καθομιλουμένη), 50¢ (μισό δολάριο, half dollar· σπάνιο) και
$1 (δολλάριο, dollar· σπάνιο).<br />
Επίσης κυκλοφορούν <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Χαρτονόμισμα">χαρτονομίσματα</a>
των $1, $2 (σπάνιο), $5, $10, $20, $50 και $100. Χαρτονομίσματα με
ονομαστική αξία άνω των $100 ($500, $1.000, $5.000, $10.000 και
$100.000) δεν έχουν πλέον αντίκρυσμα.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".CE.94.CE.B9.CE.B5.CE.B8.CE.BD.CE.AE.CF.82_.CF.87.CF.81.CE.AE.CF.83.CE.B7" style="margin-right: 0.2em;">Διεθνής χρήση</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-size: x-small;">[<a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91&action=edit&section=1" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Διεθνής χρήση">Επεξεργασία</a>]</span></h2>
Εκτός των ΗΠΑ, το αμερικανικό δολάριο είναι επίσημο νόμισμα και του <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ισημερινός">Ισημερινού</a> (από το <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>), του <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%81" title="Ελ Σαλβαδόρ">Ελ Σαλβαδόρ</a> (<a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>) και του <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81" title="Ανατολικό Τιμόρ">Ανατολικού Τιμόρ</a> (2000). Ακολουθεί ο πλήρης κατάλογος.<br />
Το δολάριο ΗΠΑ χρησιμοποιείται ευρέως ως <a class="new" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Αποθεματικό νόμισμα (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">αποθεματικό νόμισμα</a> από πολλές <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1" title="Κεντρική Τράπεζα">Κεντρικές Τράπεζες</a> του κόσμου.<br />
<br />
Συνολικά 10 χώρες και εδάφη χρησιμοποιούν ανεπίσημα το δολάριο ΗΠΑ ως νόμισμα.<br />
<ol>
<li><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81" title="Ανατολικό Τιμόρ">Ανατολικό Τιμόρ</a></li>
<li><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Βερμούδες">Βερμούδες</a> (μαζί με το <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B4%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Δολάριο Βερμούδων">Δολάριο Βερμούδων</a>)</li>
<li><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%9D%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Βρετανικές Παρθένοι Νήσοι">Βρετανικές Παρθένοι Νήσοι</a></li>
<li><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%81" title="Ελ Σαλβαδόρ">Ελ Σαλβαδόρ</a></li>
<li><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ισημερινός">Ισημερινός</a></li>
<li><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Νήσοι Μάρσαλ">Νήσοι Μάρσαλ</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ομόσπονδες Πολιτείες Μικρονησίας">Ομόσπονδες Πολιτείες Μικρονησίας</a></li>
<li><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Παλάου">Παλάου</a></li>
<li><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Παναμάς">Παναμάς</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τερκς και Κέικος">Τερκς και Κέικος</a>.</li>
</ol>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-74645208123473997502012-01-31T16:12:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:21:40.217-08:00US-DollarDer <b>US-<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">Dollar</a></b> (Abkürzung: USD; Symbol: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/$" title="$">$</a>) ist die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4hrung" title="Währung">Währungseinheit</a> der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">Vereinigten Staaten</a>. Der US-Dollar wird auch als amtliches und gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel in einigen anderen Ländern geführt. Dazu zählen <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britische_Jungferninseln" title="Britische Jungferninseln">Britischen Jungferninseln</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshallinseln" title="Marshallinseln">Marshallinseln</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6derierte_Staaten_von_Mikronesien" title="Föderierte Staaten von Mikronesien">Mikronesien</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osttimor" title="Osttimor">Osttimor</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba_%28Insel%29" title="Saba (Insel)">Saba</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe">Simbabwe</a>, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> und die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_und_Caicosinseln" title="Turks- und Caicosinseln">Turks- und Caicosinseln</a>.<br />
Ein Dollar wird offiziell in 10 <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="Dime (Vereinigte Staaten)">Dime</a>, 100 <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_%28W%C3%A4hrung%29" title="Cent (Währung)">Cent</a> (Symbol: ¢) oder 1000 <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill_%28W%C3%A4hrungseinheit%29" title="Mill (Währungseinheit)">Mill</a>
(Symbol: ₥) unterteilt. Aufgrund der grünen Farbgestaltung der
Banknoten wird der Dollar umgangssprachlich auch als „Greenback“
bezeichnet. Auch die Bezeichnung „Buck“ ist verbreitet. Der Druck der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknoten</a> erfolgt durch das <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a>. Die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnzpr%C3%A4gung" title="Münzprägung">Münzprägung</a> obliegt der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a>. Der US-Dollar ist frei <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konvertibilit%C3%A4t" title="Konvertibilität">konvertibel</a>.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#" id="togglelink">Verbergen</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Herkunft_des_.E2.80.9E.24.E2.80.9C-Zeichens"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Herkunft des „$“-Zeichens</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Geschichte_des_amerikanischen_Dollars"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geschichte des amerikanischen Dollars</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Goldstandard_und_Goldverbot"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Goldstandard und Goldverbot</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Wechselkursentwicklung"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Wechselkursentwicklung</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Euro"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Euro</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Schweizer_Franken"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Schweizer Franken</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Japanischer_Yen"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Japanischer Yen</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Pfund_Sterling"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Pfund Sterling</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Internationale_Bedeutung_des_US-Dollars"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Internationale Bedeutung des US-Dollars</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Die_Rolle_des_US-Dollars_als_Reservew.C3.A4hrung"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Die Rolle des US-Dollars als Reservewährung</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Rolle_als_Transaktionsw.C3.A4hrung"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Rolle als Transaktionswährung</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Rolle_als_gesetzliches_Zahlungsmittel"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Rolle als gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Dollar-Indizes"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Dollar-Indizes</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#U.S._Dollar_Index"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">U.S. Dollar Index</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Trade_Weighted_US_Dollar_Index"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Trade Weighted US Dollar Index</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#M.C3.BCnzen"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Münzen</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Geschichte_der_M.C3.BCnzen"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Geschichte der Münzen</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#.E2.80.9EPenny.E2.80.9C"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">„Penny“</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#.E2.80.9ENickel.E2.80.9C"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">„Nickel“</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#.E2.80.9EDime.E2.80.9C"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">„Dime“</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#.E2.80.9EQuarter_Dollar.E2.80.9C"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">„Quarter Dollar“</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#.E2.80.9EHalf-Dollar.E2.80.9C"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">„Half-Dollar“</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#.E2.80.9EDollar.E2.80.9C"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">„Dollar“</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Banknoten"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Banknoten</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Besonderheiten_der_Banknoten"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Besonderheiten der Banknoten</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Seriennummern_der_Banknoten"><span class="tocnumber">7.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Seriennummern der Banknoten</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Das_Gr.C3.BCn_der_.E2.80.9EGreenbacks.E2.80.9C"><span class="tocnumber">7.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Das Grün der „Greenbacks“</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Sicherheitsmerkmale"><span class="tocnumber">7.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sicherheitsmerkmale</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Weitere_Bezeichnungen_f.C3.BCr_den_US-Dollar"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Weitere Bezeichnungen für den US-Dollar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Inschriften"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Inschriften</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Siehe_auch"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Siehe auch</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Herkunft_des_.E2.80.9E.24.E2.80.9C-Zeichens">Herkunft des „$“-Zeichens</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Herkunft des „$“-Zeichens">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
Der Ursprung des bekannten $-Zeichens, das auch für den
amerikanischen Dollar steht, kann nicht eindeutig bestimmt werden.
Möglich ist, dass das Zeichen aus der Abkürzung „Ps.“ entstand, die für
den in der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_Welt" title="Neue Welt">Neuen Welt</a> verbreiteten <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peso" title="Peso">Peso</a>
stand; in Nordamerika zur damaligen Zeit auch als „Spanischer Dollar“
bezeichnet. Die Erklärung stützt sich darauf, dass beim Schreiben das
„S“ mit der Zeit über dem „P“ geschrieben wurde und somit ein neues <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur_%28Typografie%29" title="Ligatur (Typografie)">Zeichen</a>
entstand. Die Rundungen des „P“ fielen nach und nach weg und „$“ blieb
übrig. Der spanische Dollar war in den USA eine weit verbreitete
Währung, bis er im Jahre 1785 durch den US-Dollar ersetzt wurde.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup>
Für diese Hypothese spricht auch, dass das Zeichen „$“ keineswegs
ausschließlich für die US-Währung steht, sondern in vielen
spanischsprachigen Ländern <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateinamerika" title="Lateinamerika">Lateinamerikas</a> bis heute als übliches Peso-Symbol in Gebrauch ist.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Geschichte_des_amerikanischen_Dollars">Geschichte des amerikanischen Dollars</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Geschichte des amerikanischen Dollars">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
Der Ursprung der Einheitswährung der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika</a>
liegt im Jahr 1690, als das Land aus mehreren britischen Kolonien
bestand. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren die Kolonien als Lieferanten von
Rohstoffen, unter anderem für <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabak" title="Tabak">Tabak</a> und <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumwolle" title="Baumwolle">Baumwolle</a>, sehr wertvoll. Die <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_Kolonien" title="13 Kolonien">13 Kolonien</a> erhoben Zoll an ihren Grenzen, was den Handel stark erschwerte. Außerdem wurde die englische Währung nicht akzeptiert, das <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfund_Sterling" title="Pfund Sterling">englische Pfund</a> war verboten. Innerhalb der amerikanischen Kolonien gab es unterschiedliche Währungen für den Handel. Eine der Kolonien, die „<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>“ (heute der amerikanische Bundesstaat Massachusetts mit Hauptstadt <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>)
war die erste Kolonie, die das eigene Papiergeld nutzte, um das Militär
zu finanzieren. Die anderen Kolonien folgten diesem Beispiel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg&filetimestamp=20071119193256"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="284" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg/220px-Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg&filetimestamp=20071119193256" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Ein Drittel <i>Continental Dollar</i> , ausgegeben am 17. Februar 1776 in Philadelphia</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Spanish_dollar_1776.JPG&filetimestamp=20100529093602"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="148" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Spanish_dollar_1776.JPG/220px-Spanish_dollar_1776.JPG" width="220" /></a>
<br />
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<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Spanish_dollar_1776.JPG&filetimestamp=20100529093602" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
4-Dollar-Banknote 1776</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Benjamin_Franklin_nature_printed_55_dollar_front_1779.jpg&filetimestamp=20100425201008"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="173" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Benjamin_Franklin_nature_printed_55_dollar_front_1779.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Franklin_nature_printed_55_dollar_front_1779.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Benjamin_Franklin_nature_printed_55_dollar_front_1779.jpg&filetimestamp=20100425201008" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
55-Dollar-Banknote aus dem Jahr 1779</div>
</div>
</div>
Die Briten versuchten, durch Restriktionen das Entstehen einer vom
Mutterland unabhängigen Industrie und Finanzwirtschaft zu verhindern. Im
Jahre 1704 wurde das Prägen von Münzen in allen Kolonien verboten. Um
weiterhin Handel betreiben zu können, bedienten sich die Kolonisten der
spanischen oder niederländischen Zahlungsmittel. In diesem Zusammenhang
entstand der Begriff <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">Dollar</a>, abgeleitet von dem europäischen Namen „<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taler" title="Taler">Taler</a>“. Silbermünzen spanischer Herkunft wurden als „Spanish dollars“ (spanische Dollar) bezeichnet. Im Jahr 1775 brach der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanischer_Unabh%C3%A4ngigkeitskrieg" title="Amerikanischer Unabhängigkeitskrieg">Amerikanische Unabhängigkeitskrieg</a> aus. Der „<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinentalkongress" title="Kontinentalkongress">Continental Congress</a>“
(Kontinentaler Kongress), der die Regierung der Kolonien darstellte,
ließ als neue offizielle Währung der Kolonien eigene Banknoten, die so
genannte „<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinental-Dollar" title="Kontinental-Dollar">Continental currency</a>“
(Kontinentale Währung) drucken. Aufgrund des schwachen Finanzsystems
und der hohen Fälschungsrate blieb die neu eingeführte Währung jedoch
nicht lange im Umlauf bzw. verlor rasch an Wert.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup><br />
Im Jahre 1781 bat der Continental Congress die damalige erste nationale Bank, die „<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_North_America" title="Bank of North America">Bank of North America</a>“ in <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>,
um Hilfe. Ziel war es, das Finanzsystem zu stärken. Daraufhin wurde im
Jahre 1785 der „Dollar“ als neue Währung der USA eingesetzt und bereits
im Jahre 1787 wurden die ersten Münzen emittiert. In dem „<a class="new" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coinage_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Coinage Act (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Coinage Act</a>“
(Prägungsgesetze) aus dem Jahr 1792 wurde das monetäre System
festgelegt. Es wurde die Einführung einer dezimalen Währung beschlossen.<br />
Bei einer <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezimalw%C3%A4hrung" title="Dezimalwährung">Dezimalwährung</a> handelt es sich um eine Währung, deren Hauptwährungseinheit nach <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehnerpotenzen" title="Zehnerpotenzen">Zehnerpotenzen</a>
entweder in eine oder in mehrere Untereinheiten unterteilt wird.
Hierbei ist die Unterteilung in eine Untereinheit der Normalfall. Der
erste Staat, der dieses System dauerhaft einführte, waren im Jahre 1792
die USA. Die Unterteilung erfolgte in 10 Dimes und 100 Cents. 10 Dollar
entsprechen einem Eagle. Die Bezeichnung Dime wurde bis heute für das
10-Cent-Stück beibehalten, wobei dieser nicht als <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechnungsw%C3%A4hrung" title="Rechnungswährung">Rechnungswährung</a>
verwendet wird. Für die Hundertsteleinteilung bei nahezu allen weltweit
existierenden Währungen fungiert der Cent als Vorbild. Daraufhin wurden
die neuen Münzen aus Gold, Silber und Kupfer eingeführt.<br />
Den <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongress_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten">US-Kongress</a> passierte am 3. März 1849 ein Gesetz („Mint Act“, auch „Gold Coinage Act“), das der Münzanstalt <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a>
das Prägen zweier Goldmünzen gestattete. Damit entstanden der „Gold
Dollar“ und der „Double Eagle“ im Nominalwert von 20 Dollar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup><br />
Die ersten Dollar-Banknoten aus Papier wurden in den Jahren <a href="tel://18611862/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1861/1862">1861/1862</a> in Umlauf gebracht, um den <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sezessionskrieg" title="Sezessionskrieg">Sezessionskrieg</a>
zu finanzieren. Die Scheine wurden aufgrund ihrer Farbe „Greenbacks“
genannt, was Laubfrosch bedeutet, und enthielten auf der Vorderseite
Porträts berühmter Amerikaner. Die neuen Scheine waren schwerer zu
fälschen und trugen das Siegel des Finanzministeriums.<br />
Im Jahre 1913 wurde die Zentralbank („<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve Bank</a>“)
auf der Grundlage des „Federal Reserve Act“ gegründet. Der Grund für
diese Entscheidung war der Versuch, das Finanzsystem so zu
strukturieren, dass es sich den wechselnden Bedürfnissen des Landes
anpassen konnte. Der erste Schein der neu gegründeten Zentralbank wurde
im Jahre 1914 emittiert. Daraufhin entschied der Aufsichtsrat der Bank,
die Größe der Scheine um 30 % zu reduzieren, um die Herstellungskosten
zu senken.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-6">[7]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-7">[8]</a></sup><br />
Über die Jahre gewann der Dollar immer mehr an internationaler Bedeutung. Bei dem Treffen im Jahre 1944, in <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (USA), bei dem das <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton-Woods-System" title="Bretton-Woods-System">Bretton-Woods-System</a>
entstand, wurde der Dollar zur Leitwährung gewählt. Bei diesem System
handelt es sich um ein Währungssystem, das insgesamt durch Vertreter von
44 Staaten und des <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_W%C3%A4hrungsfonds" title="Internationaler Währungsfonds">Internationalen Währungsfonds</a>
entwickelt wurde. Das Ziel des neuen Systems war die Schaffung eines
reibungslosen weltweiten und zwischenstaatlichen Handels durch die
Etablierung fester Wechselkurse. 27 Jahre nach der Einführung brach im
Jahre 1971 das System zusammen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-8">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-9">[10]</a></sup><br />
Das Design und die Größe der Dollar-Noten änderten sich bis zum Jahre
1996 nicht. Erst in jenem Jahr wurden neue Sicherheitsmerkmale zum
Schutz vor Fälschungen eingeführt. Die Veränderungen finden seitdem in
regelmäßigen Abständen statt, um sich den neuen Entwicklungen der
Wissenschaft anzupassen.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Goldstandard_und_Goldverbot">Goldstandard und Goldverbot</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Goldstandard und Goldverbot">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
Im Rahmen der offiziellen <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstandard" title="Goldstandard">Goldstandardwährung</a> existierten seit dem „Currency Act“ im Jahre 1900 Golddollars als <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurantm%C3%BCnze" title="Kurantmünze">Kurantmünzen</a>. Seit etwa 1900 waren alle geprägten Silberdollar und deren Untereinheiten bis zum 1-Cent-Stück <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheidem%C3%BCnze" title="Scheidemünze">Scheidemünzen</a>.<br />
1900 wurde die Goldparität pro Dollar auf 1,504632 Gramm festgelegt.<br />
Mit dem Beginn der Weltwirtschaftskrise im Jahr 1929 belief sich der
Wert einer Unze Gold nur auf 20,67 US-Dollar, wodurch eine Erhöhung der
Geldmenge, um der Krise entgegen zu steuern, nicht durch die Goldvorräte
gedeckt gewesen wäre. Die Krise weitete sich weltweit aus und viele
Staaten setzten den Goldstandard aus, was zu einer Abwertung des Geldes
führte.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wiwo03022009_10-0"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Wiwo03022009-10">[11]</a></sup><br />
Am 5. April 1933 wurde das Verbot des privaten Goldbesitzes, gemäß dem sogenannten „<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldverbot" title="Goldverbot">Goldverbot</a>-Erlass“ von <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a>,
nach einer Veränderung des Entwurfes vom 9. März 1933 endgültig
rechtskräftig. Dies umfasste den Privatbesitz an sämtlichen Goldmünzen,
Goldbarren sowie Goldzertifikaten. Die Eigentümer wurden zur Herausgabe
ihres Goldes gegen einen Wert von 20,67 US-Dollar pro Unze gezwungen.
Die Möglichkeit des Eintausches von Münzen und Banknoten in Gold war
nicht länger gegeben.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-11">[12]</a></sup>
Am 31. Januar 1934 wurde die Goldparität pro Dollar auf 0,888671 Gramm
festgelegt, was einem Wert von 35 Dollar pro Feinunze entspricht.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wiwo03022009_10-1"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Wiwo03022009-10">[11]</a></sup> Dem Abkommen zufolge war ein Tausch von Dollar zu Gold (35 US-Dollar pro <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unze" title="Unze">Unze</a>) ausschließlich im kommerziellen, zwischenstaatlichen Handel möglich.<br />
Die USA produzierten Dollar über den eigentlichen Wert ihrer
Goldreserven hinaus. Die US-Dollar-Vorräte in Europa und Japan
überstiegen bereits 1960 die amerikanischen Goldreserven.<br />
Somit gab die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>-Regierung
am 15. August 1971 bekannt, es müssten außergewöhnliche Maßnahmen
ergriffen werden, um die amerikanische Wirtschaft zu schützen. Diese
Maßnahmen beliefen sich auf die Auflösung des Rechts, den Dollar in Gold
umzutauschen.<br />
Anschließend musste der Dollar, gemessen am Gold, innerhalb von drei
Jahren so stark an Wert einbüßen, dass er nur noch ein Fünftel seines
ursprünglichen Goldwertes besaß.<br />
Erst 1976, über 40 Jahre nach seinem Erlass, wurde das Verbot des
privaten Goldbesitzes wieder aufgehoben. Heutzutage ist der US-Dollar
wie sämtliche Währungen ungedeckt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-12">[13]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Wechselkursentwicklung">Wechselkursentwicklung</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Wechselkursentwicklung">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
Seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde der US-Dollar zur vorherrschenden
Reserve- und Handelswährung der Welt. Trotz Beendigung der
Gold-Konvertibilität im Jahr 1971 durch Präsident Richard Nixon und
viele politische Umbrüche erhielten sich die USA über viele Jahre diese
Vormachtstellung.<br />
Er verlor 2002 bis 2004 auf Grund eines enormen Defizits in der
Außenhandelsbilanz der USA rund 15 Prozent an Wert im gewichteten
Durchschnitt gegenüber allen Währungen von US-Handelspartnern. Nach
einer kurzen „Erholungsphase“ setzte sich der Wertverlust seit 2006 fort
und verschärfte sich noch mit der Hypothekenkrise Mitte 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-13">[14]</a></sup>
Bis zum Frühling 2009 stieg der US-Dollar wieder um etwa 13 Prozent an.
Seitdem hat die Währung jedoch wieder um etwa 13 Prozent verloren
(Stand November 2009).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-14">[15]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:EurUsd.png&filetimestamp=20111016062340"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="128" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/EurUsd.png/200px-EurUsd.png" width="200" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:EurUsd.png&filetimestamp=20111016062340" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Wechselkurs des Dollars zum Euro</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Euro">Euro</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Euro">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
Nachdem der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> als <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchgeld" title="Buchgeld">Buchgeld</a>
am 1. Januar 1999 eingeführt worden war, konnte er bereits vier Tage
später zu einem Kurs von 1,1789 Euro in US-Dollar getauscht werden. Er
büßte innerhalb der nächsten beiden Jahre gegenüber dem US-Dollar stark
an Wert ein. Der Höchststand des US-Dollars wurde am 26. Oktober 2000
mit 0,8252 Dollar für einen Euro verbucht. Er verlor jedoch in den
Jahren 2002 bis 2004 über 50 Prozent an Wert gegenüber dem Euro. Die
2007 in den USA einsetzende Subprime-Krise führten zu einer weiteren
Abwertung des US-Dollars. Die Zinsen wurden gesenkt und Geld von
Investoren und Spekulanten flossen ab. Den historischen Tiefststand
erreichte der Dollar am 15. Juli 2008 bei einem Kurs von 1,5990 Dollar
für einen Euro. Seitdem ist der Dollar-Kurs wieder auf einen Preis von
1,36 Dollar je Euro gestiegen (September 2010).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-15">[16]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-16">[17]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:USDCHF_Kurs.png&filetimestamp=20110807192615"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="129" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/USDCHF_Kurs.png/200px-USDCHF_Kurs.png" width="200" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:USDCHF_Kurs.png&filetimestamp=20110807192615" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Wechselkurs des Dollars zum Schweizer Franken</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Schweizer_Franken">Schweizer Franken</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Schweizer Franken">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
Von 1945 bis 1971 war der Franken durch das <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton-Woods-System" title="Bretton-Woods-System">Bretton-Woods-System</a> an den US-Dollar gekoppelt, ein Dollar kostete so 1945 bis <a href="tel://19494/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1949 4">1949 4</a>,30521
Franken, ab 1949 bis zum Zusammenbruch des Bretton-Wood-Systems 4,375
Franken. Seither verlor der US-Dollar gegenüber dem Schweizer Franken
stets an Wert. Die erstmalige Gleichwertigkeit zum <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweizer_Franken" title="Schweizer Franken">Schweizer Franken</a> erreichte der US-Dollar am 14. März 2008. Der bisherige Tiefstand war am 9. August 2011 mit 0,7215 Franken pro Dollar.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Japanischer_Yen">Japanischer Yen</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Japanischer Yen">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
Der japanische <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yen" title="Yen">Yen</a>
ist nach dem US-Dollar und dem Euro die am dritthäufigsten gehandelte
Währung in der Welt. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde der Yen im Rahmen
des Bretton-Woods-Systems fest an den US-Dollar gekoppelt. Die Währung
verlor zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges einen Großteil ihres Wertes und
wurde 1949 an den US-Dollar gebunden. Ein Dollar besaß damals den Wert
von 360 Yen. Seit 1973 kann der Yen frei gehandelt werden. Die
japanische Währung hat eine wesentlich schwächere internationale
Gewichtung als der Euro und der Dollar. Bis 1971 wurde der Yen
unterbewertet, was die USA veranlasste, zu handeln und vom Goldstandard
abzurücken. 1971 wurde ein neuer Wechselkurs von 308 Yen gegenüber dem
Dollar festgesetzt, dieser ließ sich jedoch nur schwer halten und 1973
wurden die Hauptwährungen der Welt zu freien Währungen gemacht.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-17">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-18">[19]</a></sup><br />
<table class="wikitable float-left">
<caption>Durchschnittliche historische Jahres-Wechselkurse Japanischer Yen<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-19">[20]</a></sup></caption>
<tbody>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;">
<th>Jahr</th>
<th>1 <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yen" title="Yen">JPY</a></th>
<th>Jahr</th>
<th>1 JPY</th>
<th>Jahr</th>
<th>1 JPY</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1995</td>
<td>0,0106 USD</td>
<td>2000</td>
<td>0,0093 USD</td>
<td>2005</td>
<td>0,0091 USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1996</td>
<td>0,0092 USD</td>
<td>2001</td>
<td>0,0082 USD</td>
<td>2006</td>
<td>0,0086 USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1997</td>
<td>0,0083 USD</td>
<td>2002</td>
<td>0,0080 USD</td>
<td>2007</td>
<td>0,0085 USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1998</td>
<td>0,0076 USD</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>0,0086 USD</td>
<td>2008</td>
<td>0,0096 USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1999</td>
<td>0,0088 USD</td>
<td>2004</td>
<td>0,0092 USD</td>
<td>2009</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Pfund_Sterling">Pfund Sterling</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Pfund Sterling">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable float-left">
<caption>Durchschnittliche historische Jahres-Wechselkurse zum Pfund Sterling<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-20">[21]</a></sup></caption>
<tbody>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;">
<th>Jahr</th>
<th>1 <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfund_Sterling" title="Pfund Sterling">GBP</a></th>
<th>Jahr</th>
<th>1 GBP</th>
<th>Jahr</th>
<th>1 GBP</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1995</td>
<td>1,5781 USD</td>
<td>2000</td>
<td>1,5130 USD</td>
<td>2005</td>
<td>1,8182 USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1996</td>
<td>1,5602 USD</td>
<td>2001</td>
<td>1,4369 USD</td>
<td>2006</td>
<td>1,8400 USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1997</td>
<td>1,6371 USD</td>
<td>2002</td>
<td>1,4987 USD</td>
<td>2007</td>
<td>2,0009 USD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1998</td>
<td>1,1211 USD</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>1,1312 USD</td>
<td>2008</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1999</td>
<td>1,0658 USD</td>
<td>2004</td>
<td>1,2439 USD</td>
<td>2009</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Internationale_Bedeutung_des_US-Dollars">Internationale Bedeutung des US-Dollars</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Internationale Bedeutung des US-Dollars">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
Seit dem Bretton-Woods-System wurde der US-Dollar als weltweite Leit-, Transaktions- und Reservewährung geführt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-21">[22]</a></sup> Er ist die weltweit meistgehandelte Währung.<br />
In einigen Staaten der Welt gilt der US-Dollar als inoffizielle
Neben- oder Zweitwährung. In manchen Staaten ist eine Bezahlung in
US-Dollar möglich, ohne ihn in die eigentliche Landeswährung umwechseln
zu müssen. Einige Rohstoffe werden in dieser Währungseinheit am
Weltmarkt gehandelt. Dazu zählt beispielsweise <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%B6l" title="Erdöl">Erdöl</a>, wobei das dafür verwendete Geld unter dem Begriff <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrodollar" title="Petrodollar">Petrodollar</a> bekannt ist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-22">[23]</a></sup><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Die_Rolle_des_US-Dollars_als_Reservew.C3.A4hrung">Die Rolle des US-Dollars als Reservewährung</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Die Rolle des US-Dollars als Reservewährung">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
Während der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>-Anteil
an den weltweiten Währungsreserven deutlich zunahm, sank der Anteil des
US-Dollars in den letzten Jahren nur unwesentlich.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-23">[24]</a></sup>
Im Allgemeinen wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Euro stetig an
Bedeutung als weltweite Reservewährung zunehmen, der US-Dollar hingegen
an Bedeutung verlieren wird.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-24">[25]</a></sup>
Weltweit kann der US-Dollar über einen Anteil von mehr als 60 % der
gesamten Anlagereserven verfügen, was mehreren Billionen entspricht. Die
FED kann über diesen Wert verfügen und ihn in Form von Krediten auf dem
Weltmarkt anbieten. Der Zins, der auf diese Kredite gezahlt werden
muss, stellt die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage" title="Seigniorage">Seigniorage</a>-Einnahmen
der FED dar. Der Bedeutungsverlust des US-Dollars als weltweite
Währungsreserve bedeutet somit einen Einnahmerückgang für die
US-Notenbank.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-25">[26]</a></sup><br />
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;">
<caption style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">International gebräuchliche <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitw%C3%A4hrung" title="Leitwährung">Reservewährungen</a></caption>
<tbody>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;">
<th>Währung</th>
<th>1970</th>
<th>1972</th>
<th>1976</th>
<th>1980</th>
<th>1982</th>
<th>1983</th>
<th>1984</th>
<th>1995</th>
<th>1996</th>
<th>1997</th>
<th>1998</th>
<th>1999</th>
<th>2000</th>
<th>2001</th>
<th>2002</th>
<th>2003</th>
<th>2004</th>
<th>2005</th>
<th>2006</th>
<th>2007</th>
<th>2008</th>
<th>2009</th>
<th>2010</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><b class="selflink">US-Dollar</b></td>
<td>77,2 %</td>
<td>78,6 %</td>
<td>76,6 %</td>
<td>67,2 %</td>
<td>68,4 %</td>
<td>68,5 %</td>
<td>65,8 %</td>
<td>59,0 %</td>
<td>62,1 %</td>
<td>65,2 %</td>
<td>69,3 %</td>
<td>70,9 %</td>
<td>70,5 %</td>
<td>70,7 %</td>
<td>66,5 %</td>
<td>65,8 %</td>
<td>65,9 %</td>
<td>66,4 %</td>
<td>65,5 %</td>
<td>64,1 %</td>
<td>64,1 %</td>
<td>62,1 %</td>
<td>61,4 %</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td>17,9 %</td>
<td>18,8 %</td>
<td>19,8 %</td>
<td>24,2 %</td>
<td>25,3 %</td>
<td>24,9 %</td>
<td>24,3 %</td>
<td>25,1 %</td>
<td>26,3 %</td>
<td>26,4 %</td>
<td>27,6 %</td>
<td>26,3 %</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Mark</a></td>
<td>1,9 %</td>
<td>4,6 %</td>
<td>8,8 %</td>
<td>14,8 %</td>
<td>12,4 %</td>
<td>11,2 %</td>
<td>12,1 %</td>
<td>15,8 %</td>
<td>14,7 %</td>
<td>14,5 %</td>
<td>13,8 %</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfund_Sterling" title="Pfund Sterling">Pfund Sterling</a></td>
<td>10,4 %</td>
<td>7,1 %</td>
<td>1,9 %</td>
<td>2,9 %</td>
<td>2,4 %</td>
<td>2,6 %</td>
<td>2,8 %</td>
<td>2,1 %</td>
<td>2,7 %</td>
<td>2,6 %</td>
<td>2,7 %</td>
<td>2,9 %</td>
<td>2,8 %</td>
<td>2,7 %</td>
<td>2,9 %</td>
<td>2,6 %</td>
<td>3,3 %</td>
<td>3,6 %</td>
<td>4,4 %</td>
<td>4,7 %</td>
<td>4,0 %</td>
<td>4,3 %</td>
<td>4,0 %</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yen" title="Yen">Yen</a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td>0,1 %</td>
<td>2,1 %</td>
<td>4,3 %</td>
<td>4,6 %</td>
<td>4,7 %</td>
<td>5,4 %</td>
<td>6,8 %</td>
<td>6,7 %</td>
<td>5,8 %</td>
<td>6,2 %</td>
<td>6,4 %</td>
<td>6,3 %</td>
<td>5,2 %</td>
<td>4,5 %</td>
<td>4,1 %</td>
<td>3,9 %</td>
<td>3,7 %</td>
<td>3,1 %</td>
<td>2,9 %</td>
<td>3,1 %</td>
<td>2,9 %</td>
<td>3,8 %</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sischer_Franc" title="Französischer Franc">Französischer Franc</a></td>
<td>1,1 %</td>
<td>0,9 %</td>
<td>1,6 %</td>
<td>1,7 %</td>
<td>1,3 %</td>
<td>1,1 %</td>
<td>1,0 %</td>
<td>2,4 %</td>
<td>1,8 %</td>
<td>1,4 %</td>
<td>1,6 %</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">–</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweizer_Franken" title="Schweizer Franken">Schweizer Franken</a></td>
<td>0,7 %</td>
<td>1,0 %</td>
<td>2,2 %</td>
<td>3,2 %</td>
<td>2,7 %</td>
<td>2,3 %</td>
<td>2,0 %</td>
<td>0,3 %</td>
<td>0,2 %</td>
<td>0,4 %</td>
<td>0,3 %</td>
<td>0,2 %</td>
<td>0,3 %</td>
<td>0,3 %</td>
<td>0,4 %</td>
<td>0,2 %</td>
<td>0,2 %</td>
<td>0,1 %</td>
<td>0,2 %</td>
<td>0,2 %</td>
<td>0,1 %</td>
<td>0,1 %</td>
<td>0,1 %</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Sonstige</td>
<td>8,7 %</td>
<td>7,7 %</td>
<td>6,8 %</td>
<td>5,9 %</td>
<td>8,2 %</td>
<td>9,6 %</td>
<td>10,9 %</td>
<td>13,6 %</td>
<td>11,7 %</td>
<td>10,2 %</td>
<td>6,1 %</td>
<td>1,6 %</td>
<td>1,4 %</td>
<td>1,2 %</td>
<td>1,4 %</td>
<td>1,9 %</td>
<td>1,8 %</td>
<td>1,9 %</td>
<td>1,8 %</td>
<td>1,8 %</td>
<td>2,2 %</td>
<td>3,1 %</td>
<td>4,4 %</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="24" style="text-align: left;"><small>Quellen:<br />
1970–1984: BIZ (Bank für Internationalen Zahlungsausgleich): <a class="external text" href="http://www.bis.org/publ/econ18.pdf" rel="nofollow">The evolution of reserve currency diversification, December 1986</a> (engl.)<br />
1995–2010: IWF (Internationaler Währungsfonds): <a class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/cofer/eng/cofer.pdf" rel="nofollow">Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves</a><br />
1999–2005, EZB (Europäische Zentralbank): <a class="external text" href="http://www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/scpops/ecbocp43.pdf" rel="nofollow">The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves</a>, Occasional Paper Series, Nr. 43</small></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Rolle_als_Transaktionsw.C3.A4hrung">Rolle als Transaktionswährung</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=11" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Rolle als Transaktionswährung">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
Der US-Dollar verzeichnet einen Anteil von über 50 % an internationalen <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finanztransaktion" title="Finanztransaktion">Finanztransaktionen</a> und ist somit die weltweit meistgehandelte Währung. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde das <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfund_Sterling" title="Pfund Sterling">Britische Pfund</a>, die damalige Leitwährung, weitgehend vom US-Dollar an den (<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finanzmarkt" title="Finanzmarkt">Finanz-</a>)Märkten
abgelöst. Die US-Dollar-Transaktionen beliefen sich im Jahr 2003 auf
einen Anteil von 50 % gegenüber einem Anteil von 25 Prozent in Euro und
jeweils 10 % in <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfund_Sterling" title="Pfund Sterling">Pfund Sterling</a> und dem japanischen <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yen" title="Yen">Yen</a>.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Rolle_als_gesetzliches_Zahlungsmittel">Rolle als gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=12" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Rolle als gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 442px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg&filetimestamp=20110113150514"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="226" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg/440px-DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg.png" width="440" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg&filetimestamp=20110113150514" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Staaten mit Währungen, die an den Euro oder den US-Dollar gebunden sind:
<br />
<ul>
<li style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; text-indent: -1.5em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid; padding-left: 0.4em;" title="Farbe #099811"></span>Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika</li>
<li style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; text-indent: -1.5em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid; padding-left: 0.4em;" title="Farbe #99ff9e"></span>Andere Staaten mit US-Dollar als gesetzlichem Zahlungsmittel</li>
<li style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; text-indent: -1.5em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid; padding-left: 0.4em;" title="Farbe #999909"></span>Währungen mit fester Wechselkursbindung zum US-Dollar</li>
<li style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; text-indent: -1.5em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid; padding-left: 0.4em;" title="Farbe #ffff99"></span>Währungen mit enger Wechselkursbandbreite zum US-Dollar</li>
<li style="list-style: none;"><br /></li>
<li style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; text-indent: -1.5em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid; padding-left: 0.4em;" title="Farbe #092d98"></span>Mitglieder der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_Wirtschafts-_und_W%C3%A4hrungsunion" title="Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion">Europäischen Währungsunion</a> mit <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li>
<li style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; text-indent: -1.5em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid; padding-left: 0.4em;" title="Farbe #98b3ff"></span>Andere Staaten mit Euro als <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesetzliches_Zahlungsmittel" title="Gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel">gesetzlichem Zahlungsmittel</a></li>
<li style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; text-indent: -1.5em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid; padding-left: 0.4em;" title="Farbe #6e328b"></span>Währungen mit fester <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wechselkurs" title="Wechselkurs">Wechselkursbindung</a> zum Euro</li>
<li style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; text-indent: -1.5em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid; padding-left: 0.4em;" title="Farbe #cc99ff"></span>Währungen mit enger Wechselkursbandbreite zum Euro</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Auch in einigen Staaten und Regionen außerhalb der USA und deren <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au%C3%9Fengebiete_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Außengebiete der Vereinigten Staaten">Außengebiete</a> wird der US-Dollar als gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel, als sogenannte <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremdw%C3%A4hrung" title="Fremdwährung">Fremdwährung</a> geführt. Dazu zählen:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> <i>(seit <a href="tel://12011/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1/2011">1/2011</a>; <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besondere_Gemeinde_%28Niederlande%29" title="Besondere Gemeinde (Niederlande)">Besondere Gemeinde der Niederlande</a>)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britische_Jungferninseln" title="Britische Jungferninseln">Britische Jungferninseln</a> <i>(<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britische_%C3%9Cberseegebiete" title="Britische Überseegebiete">Britisches Überseegebiet</a>)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <i>(seit <a href="tel://92000/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 9/2000">9/2000</a>; prägt außerdem <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnzen_Ecuadors" title="Münzen Ecuadors">eigene Münzen</a>)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> <i>(seit <a href="tel://12001/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1/2001">1/2001</a>; die ehemalige Landeswährung <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Salvador-Col%C3%B3n" title="El-Salvador-Colón">Colón</a> ist weiterhin offiziell gültig, aber nicht mehr im Umlauf)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> (als Zweitwährung parallel zur Landeswährung <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberianischer_Dollar" title="Liberianischer Dollar">Liberianischer Dollar</a> geführt)</li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshallinseln" title="Marshallinseln">Marshallinseln</a> <i>(traditionell)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6derierte_Staaten_von_Mikronesien" title="Föderierte Staaten von Mikronesien">Mikronesien</a> <i>(traditionell)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osttimor" title="Osttimor">Osttimor</a> <i>(seit <a href="tel://12000/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1/2000">1/2000</a>; prägt außerdem <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnzen_Osttimors" title="Münzen Osttimors">eigene Münzen</a>)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> <i>(traditionell)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> <i>(als Zweitwährung parallel zur Landeswährung <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaischer_Balboa" title="Panamaischer Balboa">Balboa</a> geführt, Balboa-Banknoten existieren nicht.)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba_%28Insel%29" title="Saba (Insel)">Saba</a> <i>(seit <a href="tel://12011/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1/2011">1/2011</a>; <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besondere_Gemeinde_%28Niederlande%29" title="Besondere Gemeinde (Niederlande)">Besondere Gemeinde der Niederlande</a>)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> <i>(seit <a href="tel://12011/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1/2011">1/2011</a>; <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besondere_Gemeinde_%28Niederlande%29" title="Besondere Gemeinde (Niederlande)">Besondere Gemeinde der Niederlande</a>)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_und_Caicosinseln" title="Turks- und Caicosinseln">Turks- und Caicosinseln</a> <i>(<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britische_%C3%9Cberseegebiete" title="Britische Überseegebiete">Britisches Überseegebiet</a>)</i></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Dollar-Indizes">Dollar-Indizes</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=13" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Dollar-Indizes">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._Dollar_Index">U.S. Dollar Index</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=14" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: U.S. Dollar Index">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
Nach dem Zusammenbruch des <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton-Woods-System" title="Bretton-Woods-System">Bretton-Woods-Systems</a> wurde im März 1973 der geometrisch gewichtete <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Dollar_Index" title="U.S. Dollar Index">U.S. Dollar Index</a>
(USDX) eingeführt und auf einen Wert von 100 gesetzt. Meist wird nur
eine Währung gegen eine andere gewichtet. Beim USDX wird der US-Dollar
ins Verhältnis zu sechs anderen Währungen gesetzt. Dieser Vergleich soll
den Wert des US-Dollars aussagekräftig abbilden.<br />
Der Index stellt einen <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4hrungskorb" title="Währungskorb">Korb</a> mit folgenden Währungen dar: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (57,6 %), japanischer <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yen" title="Yen">Yen</a> (13,6 %), das <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfund_Sterling" title="Pfund Sterling">britische Pfund</a> (11,9 %), der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadischer_Dollar" title="Kanadischer Dollar">kanadische Dollar</a> (9,1 %), die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwedische_Krone" title="Schwedische Krone">schwedische Krone</a> (4,2 %) sowie der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweizer_Franken" title="Schweizer Franken">Schweizer Franken</a>
(3,6 %). Ein US-Dollar-Index von 120 bedeutet, dass der US-Dollar 20 %
mehr wert ist als der gleiche Währungskorb im Jahr 1973 (<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezugswert" title="Bezugswert">Bezugswert</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-26">[27]</a></sup><br />
Der USDX ist im <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICE_Futures_U.S." title="ICE Futures U.S.">ICE Futures U.S.</a> gelistet.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Trade_Weighted_US_Dollar_Index">Trade Weighted US Dollar Index</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=15" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Trade Weighted US Dollar Index">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
Vergleichbar mit dem geometrisch gewichteten U.S. Dollar Index ist der handelsgewichtete <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_Weighted_US_Dollar_Index" title="Trade Weighted US Dollar Index">Trade Weighted US Dollar Index</a>. Die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" title="Federal Reserve System">US-Notenbank</a>
(FED) berechnet die effektiven Wechselkurse im Index seit 1998 mit
einer breiten Gruppe (The Broad Index) von Handelspartnern. Diese
spaltet sich in eine Hauptgruppe (The Major Currencies Index) und in
eine Nebengruppe (OITP - Other important trading partners).<br />
Der Index der FED misst im Vergleich zum U.S. Dollar Index viel
akkurater den Wert des US-Dollars, da die Gewichtung der FED die
Wettbewerbsfähigkeit US-amerikanischer Güter im Vergleich zu anderen
Ländern und Handelspartnern stellt.<br />
Der Major Currencies Index ist in den letzten Jahren stark gesunken
und liegt momentan bei einem durchschnittlichen Wert von 76,1018 Punkten
(Stand: September 2010). Im Vergleich zu 1985, als der Index einen
Höchststand von durchschnittlich 140 Indexpunkten erreichte, stagniert
er seit 2007 bei einem Wert zwischen 70 und 80 Indexpunkten. Im
Umkehrschluss bedeutet dies, dass der US-Dollar in den letzten Jahren im
Verhältnis zu den anderen Währungen stark an Wert verloren hat.<br />
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;">
<caption>Durchschnittlicher Major Currencies Index von 1973 bis 2010<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-27">[28]</a></sup></caption>
<tbody>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="text-align: center;">
<th>Jahr</th>
<th>Punkte</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1973</td>
<td>100,2277</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1982</td>
<td>115,7585</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1991</td>
<td>88,5180</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2000</td>
<td>101,5737</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2009</td>
<td>78,1149</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2010</td>
<td>76,1018</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="M.C3.BCnzen">Münzen</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=16" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Münzen">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Gebräuchliche Münzen in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika</caption>
<tbody>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th>Nennwert</th>
<th>Vorderseite</th>
<th>Rückseite</th>
<th>Porträt</th>
<th>Motiv</th>
<th>Gewicht</th>
<th>Durchmesser</th>
<th>Dicke</th>
<th>Material</th>
<th>Rand</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Cent-M%C3%BCnze_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="1-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten)">1 Cent</a><br />
„Penny“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png&filetimestamp=20110907163318" title="Vorderseite Penny"><img alt="Vorderseite Penny" height="111" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png/110px-2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png&filetimestamp=20060407012511" title="Rückseite Penny"><img alt="Rückseite Penny" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png/110px-2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
<td>bis 2008 <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a><br />
2009 wechselnde Motive<br />
ab 2010 Wappenschild</td>
<td>2,50 g</td>
<td>19,05 mm</td>
<td>1,55 mm</td>
<td>97,5 % <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a><br />
2,5 % <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a></td>
<td>glatt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Cent-M%C3%BCnze_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="5-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten)">5 Cents</a><br />
„Nickel“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg&filetimestamp=20080721210251" title="Vorderseite Nickel"><img alt="Vorderseite Nickel" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg/110px-2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg&filetimestamp=20080721210248" title="Rückseite Nickel"><img alt="Rückseite Nickel" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg/110px-2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monticello_%28Virginia%29" title="Monticello (Virginia)">Monticello</a><br />
<a href="tel://200405/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 2004/05">2004/05</a> wechselnde Motive</td>
<td>5,00 g</td>
<td>21,21 mm</td>
<td>1,95 mm</td>
<td>75 % Cu<br />
25 % <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a></td>
<td>glatt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="Dime (Vereinigte Staaten)">10 Cents</a><br />
„Dime“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png&filetimestamp=20070409022656" title="Vorderseite Dime"><img alt="Vorderseite Dime" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png/110px-2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png&filetimestamp=20060812060048" title="Rückseite Dime"><img alt="Rückseite Dime" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png/110px-2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td>
<td>Olivenzweig, Fackel, Eichenzweig</td>
<td>2,27 g</td>
<td>17,91 mm</td>
<td>1,35 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
<td>118 Riffel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vierteldollar_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="Vierteldollar (Vereinigte Staaten)">25 Cents</a><br />
„Quarter“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Washington_Quarter_79.PNG&filetimestamp=20080422153227" title="Vorderseite Quarter"><img alt="Vorderseite Quarter" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Washington_Quarter_79.PNG/110px-Washington_Quarter_79.PNG" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Quarter_new.jpg&filetimestamp=20111112141415" title="Vorderseite Quarter"><img alt="Vorderseite Quarter" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quarter_new.jpg/110px-Quarter_new.jpg" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td>
<td>bis 1998 <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fkopfseeadler" title="Weißkopfseeadler">Weißkopfseeadler</a><br />
ab 1999 wechselnde Motive</td>
<td>5,67 g</td>
<td>24,26 mm</td>
<td>1,75 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
<td>119 Riffel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbdollar_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="Halbdollar (Vereinigte Staaten)">50 Cents</a><br />
„Half“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png&filetimestamp=20060407012432" title="Vorderseite Half"><img alt="Vorderseite Half" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png/110px-2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png&filetimestamp=20060407012448" title="Rückseite Half"><img alt="Rückseite Half" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png/110px-2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td>
<td>Siegel des <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sident_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten">Präsidenten</a></td>
<td>11,34 g</td>
<td>30,61 mm</td>
<td>2,15 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
<td>150 Riffel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea-Dollar" title="Sacagawea-Dollar">1 Dollar</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:1_Dollar_M%C3%BCnze_Vorderseite_2.jpg&filetimestamp=20050916150121" title="Vorderseite Dollar"><img alt="Vorderseite Dollar" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/de/thumb/6/6a/1_Dollar_M%C3%BCnze_Vorderseite_2.jpg/110px-1_Dollar_M%C3%BCnze_Vorderseite_2.jpg" width="110" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:United_States_one_dollar_coin,_reverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20050622164924" title="Rückseite Dollar"><img alt="Rückseite Dollar" height="108" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg/110px-United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacajawea" title="Sacajawea">Sacajawea</a></td>
<td>bis 2008 fliegender Weißkopfseeadler<br />
ab 2009 wechselnde Motive</td>
<td>8,10 g</td>
<td>26,50 mm</td>
<td>2,00 mm</td>
<td>88,5 % Cu<br />
6 % Zn<br />
3,5 % <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a><br />
2 % Ni</td>
<td>glatt<br />
ab 2009 Inschrift</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentendollar" title="Präsidentendollar">1 Dollar</a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:George_Washington_Presidential_$1_Coin_obverse.png&filetimestamp=20070324203022" title="Vorderseite Dollar"><img alt="Vorderseite Dollar" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/George_Washington_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.png/110px-George_Washington_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:LineartPresRev.png&filetimestamp=20100512000926" title="Rückseite Dollar"><img alt="Rückseite Dollar" height="111" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LineartPresRev.png/110px-LineartPresRev.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sident_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten">Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten</a><br />
(Motivserie)</td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiheitsstatue" title="Freiheitsstatue">Freiheitsstatue</a></td>
<td>8,10 g</td>
<td>26,50 mm</td>
<td>2,00 mm</td>
<td>88,5 % Cu<br />
6 % Zn<br />
3,5 % <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a><br />
2 % Ni</td>
<td>Inschrift</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:1894-O-Eagle.jpg&filetimestamp=20051001034011"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="117" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/1894-O-Eagle.jpg/220px-1894-O-Eagle.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:1894-O-Eagle.jpg&filetimestamp=20051001034011" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Eagle von 1894</div>
</div>
</div>
Im Laufe der Zeit wurden weitere Münzen mit anderen Nennwerten geprägt:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-28">[29]</a></sup><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halb-Cent-M%C3%BCnze" title="Halb-Cent-Münze">Half Cent</a>, ½ Cent (1793–1857)</li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Cent-M%C3%BCnze_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="2-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten)">Two Cents</a>, 2 Cent (1864–1873)</li>
<li>Three Cents, 3 Cent (1851–1889)</li>
<li>Twenty Cents, 20 Cent (1875–1878)</li>
<li>Quarter Eagle, 2½ Dollar (1796–1929)</li>
<li>Three Dollar, 3 Dollar (1854–1889)</li>
<li>Half Eagle, 5 Dollar (1795–1929)</li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_%28M%C3%BCnze%29" title="Eagle (Münze)">Eagle</a>, 10 Dollar (1795–1933)</li>
<li>Double Eagle, 20 Dollar (1849–1933)</li>
</ul>
Die 10-Dollar-Goldmünze, die aufgrund ihres Adlermotivs als <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_%28M%C3%BCnze%29" title="Eagle (Münze)">Eagle</a>
(Adler) bezeichnet wurde, sowie die Quarter-, Half- und
Double-Eagle-Münzen und auch die 1- und 3-Dollar-Goldmünzen, die in
Umlauf waren, wurden im Zuge des Goldverbotes von der Federal Reserve
Bank eingezogen. Die noch mit der Jahreszahl 1933 geprägte „<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Gaudens_Double_Eagle#1933_Double_Eagle" title="St. Gaudens Double Eagle">Double-Eagle</a>“
im Wert von 20-Gold-Dollar wurde aufgrund des Goldverbot-Erlasses nicht
mehr ausgegeben. Eines der etwa 20 nicht eingeschmolzenen Exemplare
wurde auf einer Auktion am 30. Juli 2002 im Auktionshaus <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a></i>
in New York für den Rekordpreis von insgesamt 6,6 Mio. US-Dollar
verkauft, was wohl dem bisher höchst gezahlten Sammlerpreis für eine
Münze entspricht.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-29">[30]</a></sup><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Geschichte_der_M.C3.BCnzen">Geschichte der Münzen</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=17" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Geschichte der Münzen">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".E2.80.9EPenny.E2.80.9C">„Penny“</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=18" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: „Penny“">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
<div class="hauptartikel">
<span class="hauptartikel-pfeil">→</span> <i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Cent-M%C3%BCnze_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="1-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten)">1-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten)</a></i></div>
1793 bis 1857 war das 1-Cent-Stück eine 27 bis 29 mm große
Kupfermünze, „Large Cent“ genannt. 1856 bis 1858 war das
Vorderseitenmotiv ein fliegender Adler und 1859 bis 1909 ein Porträt der
Liberty mit indianischem Kopfschmuck. Seit 1909 zeigt die Vorderseite
ein von Victor D. Brenner entworfenes Porträt <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincolns</a>. Zwischen 1959 und 2008 befand sich auf der Rückseite das <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a>. 2009 wurden vier Sondermotive zu Ehren Lincolns geprägt und seit 2010 ist auf der Rückseite ein Wappenschild zu sehen.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".E2.80.9ENickel.E2.80.9C">„Nickel“</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=19" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: „Nickel“">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
<div class="hauptartikel">
<span class="hauptartikel-pfeil">→</span> <i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Cent-M%C3%BCnze_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="5-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten)">5-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten)</a></i></div>
Seit 2006 ist auf der Vorderseite der 5-Cent-Nickel-Münze ein Bildnis von <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>
zu sehen. Das Porträt zeigt Jefferson in seiner Position als
Vize-Präsident im Alter von 57 Jahren. Dieses Gemälde war Grundlage für
die meisten Bilder, die zu Lebzeiten von Jefferson gemacht wurden. Die
Inschrift „Liberty“ (Freiheit) wurde nach seiner eigenen Handschrift
modelliert. Diese Inschrift trat erstmals 2005 auf der Nickel-Münze in
Erscheinung. Das Design der Rückseite des Nickel war im Jahr 2006
schärfer und detailgetreuer denn je. Das ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass
die Kupferstecher der United States Mint ihr Original mit mehr Details
(wie zum Beispiel Balkone, Fenster, Türen) versehen haben.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-30">[31]</a></sup><br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".E2.80.9EDime.E2.80.9C">„Dime“</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=20" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: „Dime“">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
<div class="hauptartikel">
<span class="hauptartikel-pfeil">→</span> <i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="Dime (Vereinigte Staaten)">Dime (Vereinigte Staaten)</a></i></div>
Am 30. Januar 1946 wurde der sogenannte Dime (Zehn-Cent-Münze) in der Version mit dem Abbild des Präsidenten <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelts</a>,
in Gedenken an dessen Tod am 12. April 1945, eingeführt. Noch heute
befindet sich diese Münze im Umlauf. Ein Grund für die Einführung war,
dass sich kurz nach Roosevelts Tod 1945 viele Bürger in schriftlicher
Form, mit der Bitte, das Bildnis von Franklin D. Roosevelt auf eine
Münze prägen zu lassen, an das Bundesministerium für Finanzen wandten,
da sich dieser zu Lebzeiten im Alter von 39 Jahren an einem
Forschungsprogramm namens „March of Dime“ für Heilmittel gegen das
Polio-Virus beteiligte. Auf der Kehrseite der Münze befindet sich eine
Fackel, die für die Freiheit steht, ein Olivenzweig, der Frieden
symbolisiert und der Ast einer Eiche, der Stärke und Unabhängigkeit
versinnbildlicht. Der Dime ist von allen Münzen die kleinste und
dünnste, die heute noch verwendet wird. Der Klang des Namens „Dime“ war
damals schon der gleiche wie heute, jedoch wurde die Schreibweise
verändert. Der Dime schrieb sich seinerzeit noch „disme“. Dies beruht
auf dem alten lateinischen Begriff „Decimus“, was soviel bedeutet wie
Zehntel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-31">[32]</a></sup><br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".E2.80.9EQuarter_Dollar.E2.80.9C">„Quarter Dollar“</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=21" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: „Quarter Dollar“">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
<div class="hauptartikel">
<span class="hauptartikel-pfeil">→</span> <i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vierteldollar_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="Vierteldollar (Vereinigte Staaten)">Vierteldollar (Vereinigte Staaten)</a></i></div>
Der Quarter-Dollar, der seit 1796 produziert wird, hat den Wert von
25 Cent beziehungsweise von einem Viertel eines US-Dollars. Auf den
ersten im Umlauf befindlichen Geldstücken befand sich auf der
Vorderseite der Münze <a class="new" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady_Liberty_%28Personifikation%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lady Liberty (Personifikation) (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Lady Liberty</a> und auf der Kehrseite der Weißkopfseeadler. Im Jahre 1932 wurde zum 200. Geburtstag <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washingtons</a> ein neuer Quarter mit dessen Abbild eingeführt.<br />
1999 wurde die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Quarters" title="State Quarters">50-State-Quarters-Serie</a> gestartet. Seitdem wurden jährlich fünf US-Bundesstaaten mit einem Quarter gewürdigt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-32">[33]</a></sup> 2009 wurde die Serie mit Ausgaben für den <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> und fünf <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au%C3%9Fengebiete_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Außengebiete der Vereinigten Staaten">Außengebiete</a> ergänzt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-33">[34]</a></sup> Ab 2010 werden im „<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_Quarters" title="America the Beautiful Quarters">America the Beautiful Quarters</a>“-Programm jährlich fünf <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalparks_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Nationalparks in den Vereinigten Staaten">Nationalparks</a> oder andere Stätten von nationaler Bedeutung dargestellt.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".E2.80.9EHalf-Dollar.E2.80.9C">„Half-Dollar“</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=22" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: „Half-Dollar“">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
<div class="hauptartikel">
<span class="hauptartikel-pfeil">→</span> <i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbdollar_%28Vereinigte_Staaten%29" title="Halbdollar (Vereinigte Staaten)">Halbdollar (Vereinigte Staaten)</a></i></div>
Die Vorderseite dieser 50-Cent-Münze zeigt ein Porträt von <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy">John Fitzgerald Kennedy</a>,
welcher der jüngste jemals gewählte Präsident war. Die Grundlage für
das Porträt auf der Münze bildeten die Präsidentschaftswahlen. Der
Bildhauer Roberts entwarf dieses Design unmittelbar nach der Ermordung
Kennedys. Grundlage für das Design auf der Rückseite war das
Präsidentschafts-Siegel. Es besteht aus dem Abbild eines Wappenadlers
mit einem Schild auf der Brust, der einen symbolischen Olivenzweig in
der einen und ein Bündel aus 13 Pfeilen in der anderen Kralle hält.
Dieser Adler wird von einem Kranz aus 50 Sternen umgeben, wobei diese
Sterne sinnbildlich für die 50 Staaten stehen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-34">[35]</a></sup><br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".E2.80.9EDollar.E2.80.9C">„Dollar“</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=23" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: „Dollar“">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
Die 1-Dollar-Münze wurde mit Unterbrechungen seit 1794 geprägt.
Derzeit sind zwei verschiedene 1-Dollar-Münz-Serien in Produktion. Zum
einen ist es der <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea-Dollar" title="Sacagawea-Dollar">Sacagawea-Dollar</a>,
der erstmals im Jahr 2000 ausgegeben wurde und seit 2009 spezielle,
jährlich wechselnde Motive zu Ehren der amerikanischen Ureinwohner trägt
(„Native American $1 Coin“); zum anderen ist es die <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentendollar" title="Präsidentendollar">Präsidentendollar</a>-Serie
(„Presidential $1 Coin Program“), die im Jahr 2007 eingesetzt wurde.
Beide 1-Dollar-Münz-Serien sind goldfarbig. Diese kommt durch eine
spezielle Mischung aus verschiedenen Metallen zustande, obwohl hier kein
Gold enthalten ist. Diese Münzen haben die gleiche „elektromagnetische
Signatur“ wie der vorangegangene <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan-B.-Anthony-Dollar" title="Susan-B.-Anthony-Dollar">Susan-B.-Anthony-Dollar</a>
(SBA-Dollar), der silberfarben war. Diese Münze wies in Bezug auf Farbe
und Größe eine große Ähnlichkeit zum Quarter auf, was oft zu
Verwechslungen führte. Da diese Münze eher unpopulär war, blieb der
1-Dollar-Schein das gängigere Zahlungsmittel. 1980 wurde die Prägung
dieser Münze eingestellt, jedoch folgten in den Jahren 1981 und 1999
Sonderprägungen. Diese Münze ist heutzutage zwar selten im Umlauf, gilt
aber weiterhin als Zahlungsmittel.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Banknoten">Banknoten</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=24" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Banknoten">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
Die Abmessungen der im Umlauf befindlichen Scheine (trotz
unterschiedlichem Wert) unterscheiden sich nicht aufgrund ihrer Größe
(wie z.B. beim Euro) und sind 155,81mm mal 66,42mm groß. Es hat in der
Vergangenheit sehr viele verschiedene Arten von Dollarnoten gegeben.
Heutzutage werden lediglich sogenannte Federal Reserve Notes
herausgegeben. Nichtsdestoweniger bezieht sich das Gesetz von 1965, das
den Status von Dollarnoten als gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel regelt, auf
den damals als Hauptwährung betrachteten United States Dollar Notes, als
Legal Tender oder auch, wegen des roten Siegelaufdrucks, als Red Seal
bezeichnet. Dieses Gesetz besagt, dass eben diese United States Dollars,
zusammen mit Federal Reserve Notes, sowie Noten, die von National Banks
und Federal Reserve Banks herausgegeben werden, gesetzliches
Zahlungsmittel sind.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-35">[36]</a></sup>
Kein gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel stellen demzufolge die alten Gold
Certificates und Silver Certificates dar. Hergestellt und herausgegeben
werden heutzutage nur noch Federal Reserve Notes und es ist auch nichts
anderes mehr in Umlauf.<br />
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th>Nennwert</th>
<th>Vorderseite</th>
<th>Rückseite</th>
<th>Porträt</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20070810233921"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg" height="96" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/220px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_reverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20070429004142"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, reverse.jpg" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg/220px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US_$2_obverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20061026192904"><img alt="US $2 obverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/220px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US_$2_reverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20061026192649"><img alt="US $2 reverse.jpg" height="91" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/US_%242_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%242_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US_$5_Series_2006_obverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20080329072645"><img alt="US $5 Series 2006 obverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg/220px-US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US_$5_Series_2006_reverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20080329072910"><img alt="US $5 Series 2006 reverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg&filetimestamp=20080609171706"><img alt="US10dollarbill-Series 2004A.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/220px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US_$10_Series_2004_reverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20071113112622"><img alt="US $10 Series 2004 reverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>20 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US20-front.jpg&filetimestamp=20110409161558"><img alt="US20-front.jpg" height="96" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/220px-US20-front.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US20-back.jpg&filetimestamp=20071113112703"><img alt="US20-back.jpg" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/US20-back.jpg/220px-US20-back.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg&filetimestamp=20071113112800"><img alt="Series2004NoteFront 50.jpg" height="94" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg/220px-Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg&filetimestamp=20071113112946"><img alt="Series2004NoteBack 50.jpg" height="91" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg/220px-Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>100 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Usdollar100front.jpg&filetimestamp=20080523000647"><img alt="Usdollar100front.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Usdollar100front.jpg/220px-Usdollar100front.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US_$100_reverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20080523014723"><img alt="US $100 reverse.jpg" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/US_%24100_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%24100_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"><i>Letztmalig 1945 gedruckt; 1969 zurückgezogen; weiterhin legales Zahlungsmittel</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations_36-0"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations-36">[37]</a></sup></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>500 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:500-2f.jpg&filetimestamp=20111110070748"><img alt="500-2f.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/500-2f.jpg/220px-500-2f.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:500-2b.jpg&filetimestamp=20111110070906"><img alt="500-2b.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/500-2b.jpg/220px-500-2b.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1000 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:1000-2f.jpg&filetimestamp=20111110065712"><img alt="1000-2f.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1000-2f.jpg/220px-1000-2f.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:1000-2b.jpg&filetimestamp=20111110065914"><img alt="1000-2b.jpg" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1000-2b.jpg/220px-1000-2b.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5000 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:5000f.jpg&filetimestamp=20100604222258"><img alt="5000f.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/5000f.jpg/220px-5000f.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:5000b.jpg&filetimestamp=20060131140848"><img alt="5000b.jpg" height="83" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/5000b.jpg/220px-5000b.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10.000 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:10000-1f.jpg&filetimestamp=20100604221412"><img alt="10000-1f.jpg" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/10000-1f.jpg/220px-10000-1f.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:10000-1b.jpg&filetimestamp=20060131140119"><img alt="10000-1b.jpg" height="83" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/10000-1b.jpg/220px-10000-1b.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"><i>Nicht im Umlauf befindlich, aber trotzdem legales Zahlungsmittel:</i></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>100.000 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20070815202950"><img alt="US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg/220px-US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg&filetimestamp=20070815203509"><img alt="US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg" height="95" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg/220px-US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Dollarnote_siegel_hq.jpg&filetimestamp=20090918150416"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="222" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Dollarnote_siegel_hq.jpg/220px-Dollarnote_siegel_hq.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Dollarnote_siegel_hq.jpg&filetimestamp=20090918150416" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Rückseite des <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Siegel der Vereinigten Staaten">Großen Siegels der Vereinigten Staaten</a> auf der Rückseite der Ein-Dollar-Note</div>
</div>
</div>
Anmerkungen:<br />
<ul>
<li>Auf der Rückseite der Ein-Dollar-Note sind die beiden Seiten des <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Siegel der Vereinigten Staaten">Siegels der Vereinigten Staaten</a> abgebildet.</li>
<li>Banknoten mit einem Wert über 100 US-Dollar werden heutzutage nicht
mehr ausgegeben, gelten jedoch weiterhin als legales Zahlungsmittel. Die
meisten Exemplare, die sich noch im Umlauf befinden, sind im Besitz von
Sammlern.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations_36-1"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations-36">[37]</a></sup></li>
<li>Die Note mit dem höchsten Nennwert, die je vom „Bureau of Engraving
and Printing“ gedruckt wurde, war ein Gold-Zertifikat von 1934 zu
100.000 US-Dollar. Dieses wurde nur gegen Gold in Höhe des gleichen
Wertes ausgegeben. Dieser Schein wurde nur für Transaktionen zwischen
Zentralbanken genutzt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations_36-2"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations-36">[37]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Besonderheiten_der_Banknoten">Besonderheiten der Banknoten</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=25" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Besonderheiten der Banknoten">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h3>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Seriennummern_der_Banknoten">Seriennummern der Banknoten</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=26" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Seriennummern der Banknoten">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
Die Seriennummer eines Dollarscheines ist nach einem für alle Scheine
einheitlichen Schema aufgestellt: Sie besteht aus zwei Großbuchstaben,
gefolgt von acht Ziffern, abschließend ein weiterer Buchstabe.<br />
Beispiel: DL82674476A<br />
Erläuterungen anhand des Beispiels:<br />
<ul>
<li>D: Der erste Buchstabe gibt die Serie oder auch Auflage des Scheins
an, z. B. das „D“ zeigt an, dass dieser Schein zu einer Serie von 2003
gehört. Bei einer Veränderung des Designs einer Banknote wird eine neue
Serie aufgelegt, ganz unabhängig vom Umfang der Veränderung.
Beispielsweise kann eine neue Serie aufgrund der Änderung der
Unterschrift auf dem Schein gedruckt werden. Eine neue Serie wird etwa
alle ein bis zwei Jahre aufgelegt.</li>
<li>L: Der zweite Buchstabe zeigt, von welcher Bank der Schein in
Auftrag gegeben wurde. Insgesamt gibt es zwölf Zentralbanken, der
Buchstabe „L“ steht dabei zum Beispiel für <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.</li>
<li><a href="tel://82674476/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 82674476">82674476</a>: Die Zahlenreihe ist eine fortlaufende Nummer.</li>
<li>A: Dieser Buchstabe zählt immer um einen Buchstaben weiter, sobald
die fortlaufende Nummer ihr Ende erreicht hat, und wieder bei <a href="tel://00000001/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 00000001">00000001</a> anfangen muss. Die Buchstaben O und Z werden ausgelassen, wodurch es 24 Kombinationen gibt.</li>
</ul>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Das_Gr.C3.BCn_der_.E2.80.9EGreenbacks.E2.80.9C">Das Grün der „Greenbacks“</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=27" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Das Grün der „Greenbacks“">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
Eine genaue Erklärung, warum die Rückseiten der Banknoten der USA mit
grüner Tinte gedruckt wurden, gibt es nicht. Bekannt ist, dass 1929 der
grüne Farbstoff in großen Mengen vorhanden war und er relativ resistent
gegen chemische und physikalische Veränderungen in der
Herstellungsweise war. Weiterhin soll die Farbe Grün die Stärke und
Stabilität der Regierung zum Ausdruck bringen und Vertrauen in die
Währung schaffen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-37">[38]</a></sup><br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Sicherheitsmerkmale">Sicherheitsmerkmale</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=28" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sicherheitsmerkmale">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h4>
Seit dem 5. Juli 1865 besteht eine Kooperation zwischen dem <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a>, dem <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a> und dem <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a>, um Maßnahmen zu entwickeln, die ein Auftreten von Fälschungen so gering wie möglich halten soll.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-38">[39]</a></sup>
1966 begann die Regierung, Sicherheitsmerkmale auf den Banknoten
aufzudrucken. Um die Sicherheit der Währung weiterhin zu gewährleisten,
wird das Design der Scheine alle sieben bis zehn Jahre verändert (außer 1
und 2 Dollar):<br />
<ul>
<li><i>Sicherheitsfaden</i>: Der Sicherheitsfaden ist ein dünner
Streifen, der sich durch die Banknote zieht. Dieser ist durch Drucken
nicht reproduzierbar. Alle nach 1990 gedruckten Serien (außer die 1-und
2-Dollar-Noten) enthalten dieses Merkmal. Auf diesen Streifen wird der
Nennwert der Note gedruckt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-0"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features-39">[40]</a></sup></li>
<li>Mikroschriften: Diese Aufdrucke erscheinen bei normaler Betrachtung
als Linie, durch Zuhilfenahme eines Vergrößerungsglases wird jedoch der
jeweilige Nennwert der Note sichtbar. Die Auflösung der meisten Kopierer
ist nicht hoch genug um diese Schriften zu erkennen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-1"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features-39">[40]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
Seit 1996 werden zusätzlich die folgenden Sicherheitsmerkmale verwendet.<br />
<ul>
<li>Wasserzeichen: Dieses Zeichen entsteht durch verschiedene
Dichtegrade des Papieres. Wird die Banknote gegen das Licht gehalten,
wird das Porträt der auf der Banknote abgebildeten Person sichtbar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-2"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features-39">[40]</a></sup></li>
<li>Optisch veränderliche Tinte: Bei unterschiedlichem Betrachtungswinkel verändert sich die Farbe der Aufschrift.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-3"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features-39">[40]</a></sup></li>
<li>Feine Linienstrukturen: Linienmuster werden auf der Vorderseite
hinter dem Porträt und auf der Rückseite um das historische Gebäude
herum, aufgedruckt. Diese Linien sind für das Auge sichtbar, werden aber
nur schwer von Scannern und Druckern erkannt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-4"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features-39">[40]</a></sup></li>
<li>Vergrößerte, versetzte Porträts: Die größeren Bilder sind
detaillierter und erschweren somit die Fälschung der Banknote. Die
jeweiligen Porträts wurden leicht seitlich versetzt, um Raum für das
Wasserzeichen und den Sicherheitsfaden zu schaffen. Durch die
vergrößerten Bilder wird die Identifikation des Notenwertes für
sehbeeinträchtigte Menschen erleichtert.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-5"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features-39">[40]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:New100front.jpg&filetimestamp=20110608203832"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/New100front.jpg/220px-New100front.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:New100front.jpg&filetimestamp=20110608203832" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Vorderseite der erneuerten 100-Dollar-Note</div>
</div>
</div>
Im Februar 2011 sollte eine mit zusätzlichen Sicherheitsmerkmalen
ausgestattete Variante des 100-Dollar-Scheins in Umlauf gebracht werden,
um der hohen Fälschungsrate entgegenzuwirken. Ein 3D-Sicherheitsband,
ein zusätzliches Wasserzeichen, eine goldfarben gedruckte „100“ sowie
ein 3D-Bild, das je nach Blickwinkel zwischen einer Glocke und der „100“
wechselt, sollen die Scheine sicherheitstechnisch auf den neusten Stand
bringen und eine Fälschung erschweren.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-spiegel.de:_Neuer_100-Dollar-Schein_soll_vor_F.C3.A4lschungen_sch.C3.BCtzen_40-0"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-spiegel.de:_Neuer_100-Dollar-Schein_soll_vor_F.C3.A4lschungen_sch.C3.BCtzen-40">[41]</a></sup>
Am 1. Oktober 2010 wurde bekannt gegeben, dass sich die Auslieferung
der neuen Scheine jedoch verzögern wird, da die geplanten Mengen wegen
Problemen im Herstellungsprozess nicht rechtzeitig produziert werden
könnten.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-41">[42]</a></sup>
Nach Presseberichten sind bis zu 30 % der produzierten Noten
fehlerhaft, so dass die Produktion vorerst eingestellt wurde und für den
laufenden Bedarf weiter „alte“ Noten gedruckt werden.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-42">[43]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Weitere_Bezeichnungen_f.C3.BCr_den_US-Dollar">Weitere Bezeichnungen für den US-Dollar</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=29" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weitere Bezeichnungen für den US-Dollar">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
Eine gängige Bezeichnung für den Dollar lautet <i>buck</i>. Der Begriff stellt möglicherweise die Kurzform des Begriffes <i>buckskin</i> (Wildlederfell) dar, das in der Zeit der amerikanischen Gründerjahre als Zahlungsmittel galt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-43">[44]</a></sup> 100 Dollar werden auch <i>large</i> genannt, 1000 Dollar werden häufig als Grand (bzw. G) bezeichnet. Die 10- und 20-Dollar-Note werden auch als <i>sawbuck</i> und <i>double sawbuck</i>
bezeichnet. Wie die Banknoten tragen auch einzelne Münzen entsprechende
Spitznamen. 1 Dollar wird auch als „single“, 2 Dollar als „deuce“ und
5 Dollar als „fin“ oder „fiver“ bezeichnet.<br />
Teilweise werden auch die Namen der Personen, die auf den
Vorderseiten der Scheine abgebildet sind, wie beispielsweise „George“,
„Tom“ oder „Frank“ als Spitznamen verwendet. <i>Dead presidents</i> („tote Präsidenten“) ist ebenfalls eine gelegentlich genutzte Umschreibung, ungeachtet der Tatsache, dass <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, der auf der 10-Dollar-Note abgebildet ist, sowie <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, dessen Porträt die 100-Dollar-Note prägt, keine Präsidenten waren.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-44">[45]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Inschriften">Inschriften</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=30" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Inschriften">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
Auf allen seit 1793 geprägten Dollarmünzen findet sich das Wort <i>„LIBERTY“</i> (Freiheit). Das Motto <i>„<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Pluribus_Unum" title="E Pluribus Unum">E Pluribus Unum</a>“</i> („aus vielen Eins“) trugen zunächst nur einige Gold- und Silbermünzen. Inzwischen ist es Teil aller Münzen der USA. Mit dem <i>Coinage Act of 1864</i> wurde das 2-Cent-Stück eingeführt. Es war die erste Münze mit der Inschrift <i>„<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a>“</i> (engl.: <i>Wir vertrauen auf Gott</i>).
Nach und nach wurde der Spruch auf den anderen Münzen übernommen und
ist seit 1938 auf alle Münzen geprägt. Die Banknoten tragen nur die
Inschrift <i>„In God We Trust“</i>. Diese erschien zum ersten Mal 1957
auf einem Silber-Zertifikat zu einem Dollar, nachdem der Spruch 1956 zum
Nationalmotto erklärt wurde.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_note-45">[46]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=31" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Siehe auch">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Eagle" title="Gold Eagle">Gold Eagle</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Eagle" title="Silver Eagle">Silver Eagle</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum_Eagle" title="Platinum Eagle">Platinum Eagle</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Literatur">Literatur</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=32" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Zischka" title="Anton Zischka">Anton Zischka</a>: <i>Der Dollar – Glanz und Elend einer Währung.</i> München 1986, <a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3784471722">ISBN 3-7844-7172-2</a>.</li>
<li>Europäische Zentralbank: <a class="external text" href="http://www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/other/euro-international-role200512en.pdf" rel="nofollow"><i>Review of the International Role of the Euro.</i> (PDF, 900 KB)</a>, Frankfurt 2005.</li>
<li>Günther Schön: <i>Weltmünzkatalog 20. Jahrhundert.</i> Battenberg Verlag, Augsburg 1993, <a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3894410965">ISBN 3-89441-096-5</a>.</li>
<li>Hans Harlandt: <i>Das Geld.</i> Schäuble Verlag Rheinfelden, Berlin 1994, <a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3877185428">ISBN 3-87718-542-8</a>.</li>
<li>Krumnow, Gramlich (Hrsg.): <i>Gabler-Bank-Lexikon: Bank – Börse – Finanzierung.</i> 12. Auflage. Gabler, Wiesbaden 1999, <a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3409461124">ISBN 3-409-46112-4</a>.</li>
<li>Oettermann, Stephan: Starkes Geld. Was der Dollar mit Herkules zu
tun hat. In: Diagonal. Zeitschrift der
Universität-Gesamthochschule-Siegen zum Thema: Geld.</li>
</ul>
Siegen 1991, S. 133 - 134.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Weblinks">Weblinks</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=33" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin: 0.1em 0 0 0;">
<img alt="" height="16" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="12" /> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar?uselang=de">Commons: US-Dollar</a></span></b> – Album mit Bildern und/oder Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/" rel="nofollow">www.moneyfactory.gov: Das „Bureau of Engraving and Printing“ des US-Finanzministeriums</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/index.cfm?action=coin_specifications" rel="nofollow">Münzspezifikationen der US-Münze www.usmint.gov</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</span> <span class="editsection">[<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=34" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise">Bearbeiten</a>]</span></h2>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-0"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-0">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070928013632/http://www.moneyfactory.gov/document.cfm/18/113" rel="nofollow">„$-Zeichen“</a> im <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> Abgerufen am 19. Juni 2010</li>
<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-1">↑</a> Kross Samuelson: <i>Documentary History of Banking and currency in the United States.</i> Band 1, New York 1969, S. 19, S. 95–100</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.advfn.com/currencies/usd/about/USDollar.html" rel="nofollow"><i>History US-Dollar</i> Abgerufen am 27. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-3">↑</a> Kross Samuelson: <i>Documentary History of Banking and currency in the United States.</i> Band 3, New York 1969, S. 1754.</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-4">↑</a> John Mathew Culbertson: <i>Money and Banking.</i> 2. Auflage, New York 1977, <a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0070148864">ISBN 0-07-014886-4</a>, S. 508.</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.coinlibrary.com/news/18490413.htm" rel="nofollow">coinlibrary.com: <i>Gesetzestext vom 3. März 1849</i> (englisch)</a>, abgefragt am 2. März 2010</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.meinebibliothek.de/Texte5/html/dollar.html" rel="nofollow"><i>Geschichte des US-Dollars.</i> Abgerufen am 29. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-7">↑</a> Nathan Lewis: <i>GOLD – The Once and future money.</i> 2007, <a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780470047668">ISBN 978-0-470-04766-8</a>, S. 153–174, S. 197.</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.finanz-lexikon.de/bretton-woods-system_709.html" rel="nofollow"><i>Bretton-Woods-System.</i> Abgerufen am 28. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-9">↑</a> Gerald M.Meier: <i>Problems of a World Monetary Order.</i> Hoboken, New Jersey 1974, <a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/019501801X">ISBN 0-19-501801-X</a>, S. 27.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Wiwo03022009-10">↑ <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Wiwo03022009_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Wiwo03022009_10-1">b</a></sup> <a class="external text" href="http://www.wiwo.de/finanzen/von-anleihecrash-bis-goldverbot-385965/" rel="nofollow"><i>Von Anleihecrash bis Goldverbot.</i> Wirtschaftswoche vom 3. Februar 2009. Abgerufen am 28. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/historianscorner/index.cfm?action=timeline&century=1900" rel="nofollow"><i>Timeline</i></a>. In: usmint.gov. Abgerufen am 30. November 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.goldseiten.de/content/goldstandard/standard2.php" rel="nofollow"><i>Geld, Gold und der Goldstandard.</i> Abgerufen am 28. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05248.pdf" rel="nofollow"><i>Internationale Politikanalyse</i> von Jörn Griesse und Christian Kellermann. Abgerufen am 2. Dezember 2009 (PDF)</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://bazonline.ch/wirtschaft/geld/Auf-den-Devisenmaerkten-herrscht-prekaere-Ruhe/story/29833538" rel="nofollow"><i>Auf den Devisenmärkten herrscht prekäre Ruhe.</i> Artikel von Robert Mayer Abgerufen am 2. Dezember 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-15">↑</a> Madeleine O. Hoshi: <i>The Euro. A Concise Introduction to European Monetary Integration.</i> 2005, S. 59 f.</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.devisenhandel-forextrading.de/forex-tutorial/historische-kursverlaufe-am-devisenmarkt/" rel="nofollow"><i>Historische Kursverläufe</i></a>. In: devisenhandel-forextrading.de. Abgerufen am 1. Dezember 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-17">↑</a> Philipp Hartmann: <i>Currency competition and foreign exchange markets: the dollar, the yen and the euro.</i> 1998, S. 77–131.</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.etoro.de/markets-overview/Japanische-Yen.aspx" rel="nofollow">Währung: Japanischer Yen. Abgerufen am 1. Dezember 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-19">↑</a> Quelle: IFS-Datenbank</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-20">↑</a> Quelle: Pacific Exchange Rate Service.</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-21">↑</a> Krumnow/Gramlich: <i>Gabler-Bank-Lexikon: Bank – Börse – Finanzierung.</i> 12. Auflage, 1999, S. 880.</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.americandream.de/us-w-hrung" rel="nofollow"><i>US-Währung.</i> Abgerufen am 28. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.focus.de/finanzen/boerse/devisen/finanzmarkt-der-mythos-dollar-verblasst_aid_222801.html" rel="nofollow"><i>Der Mythos Dollar verblasst</i> Focus vom 15.Januar 2007. Abgerufen am 28. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.tagesspiegel.de/meinung/kommentare/Finanzkrise;art141,2619104" rel="nofollow"><i>Die Wall Street hat den Dollar verspielt.</i> Der Tagesspiegel vom 21. September 2008. Abgerufen am 29. November</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/0,1518,437158,00.html" rel="nofollow"><i>Weltwährung auf Abruf – Brandgefährliches Spiel mit dem Dollar.</i> Spiegel vom 18. September 2006. Abgerufen am 1. Dezember 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Forex Seminar: <a class="external text" href="http://www.forexseminar.de/forex-einstieg/waehrungen/us-dollar-index/" rel="nofollow"><i>US Index.</i> Abgerufen am 1. Dezember 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-27">↑</a> Federal Reserve: <a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/Summary/indexn_m.txt" rel="nofollow"><i>Dollar Index.</i> Abgerufen am 6. Oktober 2010</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.coinfacts.com/" rel="nofollow"><i>Coin Facts.</i> Abgerufen am 29. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.burlington.eu/usd_de.html" rel="nofollow"><i>Burlington.eu.</i> Abgerufen am 28. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/circulatingCoins/index.cfm?action=CircNickel" rel="nofollow"><i>Nickel.</i> Abgerufen am 26. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/circulatingCoins/index.cfm?action=CircDime" rel="nofollow"><i>Dime.</i> Abgerufen am 26. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.dtn-info.com/html/us_dollar.html" rel="nofollow"><i>Quarter</i></a>. In: dtn-info.com. Abgerufen am 26. November 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/circulatingCoins/index.cfm?action=CircQuarterDollar" rel="nofollow"><i>United States Mint/25-Cent-Münze</i></a>. In: usmint.gov. Abgerufen am 26. November 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/circulatingCoins/index.cfm?action=CircHalfDollar" rel="nofollow"><i>Half Dollar</i></a>. In: usmint.gov. Abgerufen am 26. November 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.ustreas.gov/education/faq/currency/legal-tender.shtml" rel="nofollow"><i>Legal Tender Status of currency</i></a>. In: ustreas.gov.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations-36">↑ <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations_36-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations_36-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations_36-2">c</a></sup> <a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/uscurrency/largedenominations.html" rel="nofollow"><i>Bureau of Engraving and Printing</i></a>. In: moneyfactory.gov. Abgerufen am 27. November 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/document.cfm/18/108" rel="nofollow"><i>Green Ink</i></a>. In: moneyfactory.gov. Abgerufen am 25. November 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/section.cfm/7/34" rel="nofollow"><i>The USSS and Counterfeiting</i></a>. In: moneyfactory.gov. Abgerufen am 28. November 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features-39">↑ <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-Moneyfactory:_Security_Features_39-5">f</a></sup> <a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/section.cfm/7/35" rel="nofollow"><i>Security Features</i></a>. In: moneyfactory.gov. Abgerufen am 28. November 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-spiegel.de:_Neuer_100-Dollar-Schein_soll_vor_F.C3.A4lschungen_sch.C3.BCtzen-40"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-spiegel.de:_Neuer_100-Dollar-Schein_soll_vor_F.C3.A4lschungen_sch.C3.BCtzen_40-0">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/0,1518,690473,00.html" rel="nofollow"><i>Neuer 100-Dollar-Schein soll vor Fälschungen schützen</i></a></li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.newmoney.gov/media/release_10012010.htm" rel="nofollow"><i>Federal Reserve Announces Delay in the Issue Date of Redesigned $100 Note</i></a>. In: <i>newmoney.gov.</i> 1. Oktober 2010 (Abgerufen 20. Februar 2011)</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <span class="cite Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AUS-Dollar&rft.atitle=The+Fed+Has+a+%24110+Billion+Problem+with+New+Benjamins&rft.btitle=www.cnbc.com&rft.au=Eamon+Javers&rft.date=2010-12-07&rft_id=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Fid%2F40521684+online%5D">Eamon Javers: <i>The Fed Has a $110 Billion Problem with New Benjamins</i>. In: <i>www.cnbc.com</i>. <span style="white-space: nowrap;">7. Dezember 2010</span> (<a class="external text" href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/40521684" rel="nofollow">online</a>, abgerufen am <span style="white-space: nowrap;">20. Februar 2011</span>).</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/buck_dollar/" rel="nofollow"><i>Wortherkunft buck.</i> Abgerufen am 30. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.trackdollarbills.com/blog/2008/09/12/dollar-bill-nicknames/" rel="nofollow"><i>Nicknames.</i> Abgerufen am 29. November 2009</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.treas.gov/education/fact-sheets/currency/in-god-we-trust.shtml" rel="nofollow">United States Department of the Treasury, <i>In God We Trust.</i> Abgerufen am 1. Dezember 2009</a></li>
</ol>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-35702881975080444392012-01-31T16:11:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:21:54.889-08:00Amerikanske dollar<b>Amerikansk dollar</b> er <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">valutaen</a> i <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">Valutakoden</a> er <b>USD</b>. Den har også et eget symbol, <b><a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollartegn" title="Dollartegn">$</a></b>, og skrives ofte <b>US$</b>.<br />
I 1995 var over 380 milliarder amerikanske dollar i omløb, og i april
2004 var beløbet øget til næsten 700 milliarder. Amerikanske dollar er
også i udstrakt anvendelse som alternativ valuta uden for USA, særligt i
lande hvor den lokale valuta er ustabil på grund af høj inflation. Op
mod to tredjedele af de amerikanske dollar er i cikulation uden for
landet. I enkelte lande er anvendelsen af amerikanske dollar blevet så
udbredt, at den er blevet landenes <i>de facto</i>-valuta. USA er kun ét af mange lande, der har en valuta kaldet <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">dollar</a>.<br />
En dollar er opdelt i 100 <i>cent</i> (¢). Der er også en anden opdeling, hvor dollaren opdeles i tusinde <i>mills</i>.
Denne enhed anvendes i forbindelse med udskrivning af skatter, men der
er aldrig udstedt mønter med et antal mills som pålydende værdi.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amerikanske_dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Sedler og mønter">redigér</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Sedler_og_m.C3.B8nter">Sedler og mønter</span></h2>
Mønter slås af <a class="new" href="http://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" title="United States Mint (ikke skrevet endnu)">United States Mint</a>,
mens dollarsedler siden 1914 trykkes af Bureau of Engraving and
Printing for the Federal Reserve. I begyndelsen var dollarsedlerne i
stort format, men størrelsen blev reduceret i 1928. I modsætning til fx <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>- og <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krone_%28m%C3%B8ntenhed%29" title="Krone (møntenhed)">kronesedler</a>,
har alle amerikanske dollarsedler samme fysiske størrelse. Navnet
"Dollar" stammer fra den gamle hollandske "Daalder" som var en
betegnelse for 2,5 "Gylden" Hollænderne som var de først indbyggere på
nutidens Mahattan, New York grundlagde byen under navnet New Amsterdam
tilbage i 1600-tallet og anvendte deres egen valuta i kolonien. Senere
overtog England Manhattan fra hollænderne og omdøbte byen til New York,
efter den daværende Hertug af York. Først efter uafhængighedserklæringen
i 1789 fik USA, sin egen møntsort "United States Dollars" hvis navn i
dag er takket være de hollandske indvandrer.<br />
I 1946 holdt man op med at trykke sedler med en pålydende værdi på
mere end 100 dollar. Gennem tiden har der været sedler med pålydende
værdier på 500, 1000, 5000, 10.000 og 100.000 dollar. Disse blev
hyppigst anvendt i transaktioner mellem banker og i organiseret
kriminalitet. Sidstnævnte anvendelsesområde fik i 1969 præsident <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> til at tilbagekalde alle sedler med en pålydende værdi på mere 100 dollar.<br />
Ud over 100 dollar-sedlen, har de øvrige sedler i omløb værdierne 50,
20, 10, 5 og 1 dollar. Der er også 2 dollar-sedler, men de anvendes
næsten ikke.<br />
Blandt mønter i almindelig cirkulation er der 1¢ (<i>penny</i>), 5¢ (<i>nickel</i>), 10¢ (<i>dime</i>) og 25¢ (<i>quarter</i>). Der er også mere sjældne 50¢ (<i>half dollar</i>) og 1 dollar-mønter. Mønternes værdi er ikke præget med tal, men med ord.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-52933398099571332412012-01-31T16:10:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:22:07.425-08:00Doler yr Unol Daleithiau<b>Doler yr Unol Daleithiau</b> yw arian breiniol <a href="http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau_America" title="Unol Daleithiau America">Unol Daleithiau America</a>; mae hefyd yn arian breiniol mewn rhai gwledydd eraill. Fe'i dynodir gan y symbol <b>$</b>. Caiff ei rhannu yn 100 sent.<br />
Mabwysiadwyd y ddoler gan Gyngres yr Unol Daleithiau ar <a href="http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_Gorffennaf" title="6 Gorffennaf">6 Gorffennaf</a> <a href="http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>.
Doler yr Unol Daleithiau yw'r arian a ddefnyddir gan amlaf ar gyfer
masnachu a symud arian rhwng gwledydd, er fod poblogrwydd yr <a href="http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewro" title="Ewro">ewro</a> yn cynyddu. Yn 1995, roedd dros $380 biliwn mewn cylchrediad, ac erbyn <a href="http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> roedd wedi cynyddu i bron $760 biliwn. Fodd bynnag, yn Rhagfyr <a href="http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> roedd gwerth €695 biliwn o'r ewro mewn cylchrediad, yn cyfateb i tua US$1,029 biliwn.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-32279705081043146862012-01-31T16:00:00.000-08:002012-01-31T16:22:22.206-08:00АПШ долларĕ<a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A3%D0%BA%C3%A7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Укçа (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Укçа</a><br />
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<a class="image" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:US_$2_obverse.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="105" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/250px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" width="250" /></a>
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<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:US_$2_obverse.jpg" title="Пысăклатмалли"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Купюра <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> г. номиналом 2 доллара с портретом <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Джефферсон, Томас (хальлĕхе çырман)">Томаса Джефферсона</a></div>
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</div>
<b>Америкăн Пĕрлешӳллĕ Штатсен до́лларĕ</b> (<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Акăлчан чĕлхи">акăл.</a> <i><span lang="en">United States dollar</span></i>, <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Нимĕç чĕлхи">ним.</a> <i><span lang="de">Taler</span></i> — <i><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Талер (хальлĕхе çырман)">талер</a></i>) — <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8" title="АПШ">АПШ</a> <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%C3%A7%D0%B0" title="Укçа">укçа</a>, тĕнче <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2_%D1%83%D0%BA%C3%A7%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Резерв укçи (хальлĕхе çырман)">резерв укçин</a> тĕп палли (1 доллар = 100 <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Цент (хальлĕхе çырман)">цент</a>). Палăртăвĕ: <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Доллар символĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">$</a> е USD. Харпăр банкĕсен <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Трест (хальлĕхе çырман)">тресчĕн</a>— «Федераци Резерв саккунĕпе» (Federal Reserve Act) АПШ Конгресĕ умĕнче яваплă <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%28%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Федераци резерв системи (АПШ) (хальлĕхе çырман)">АПШ ФРС</a> (Federal Reserve System) — шанăç парăмĕ шутланать. АПШ-ра патшалăх <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Тĕп банк (хальлĕхе çырман)">тĕп банкĕ</a> çук. <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BA%C3%A7%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Укçа эмиссийĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Укçа кăларас</a> правопа харпăр банксем — ФРС пайтшĕсем — усă кураççĕ.<br />
АПШ долларĕпе çаплах хăшпĕр патшалăхсенче усă кураççĕ. Тĕслĕхрен, <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Маршалл утравĕсем (хальлĕхе çырман)">Маршалл утравĕсем</a>, <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Сальвадор (хальлĕхе çырман)">Сальвадор</a>.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Тупмалли</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#" id="togglelink">кӑтартмалла мар</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.9D.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Номиналсем</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.A2.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.88_.C4.95.D0.BB.D0.BA.D0.B8.2C_.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BD"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Тулаш ĕлки, дизайн</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.91.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.C4.83.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.82.C4.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D1.85.D3.B3.D1.82.C4.95.D0.BB.C4.95.D1.85.C4.95"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Банкнотăна тăвасси тата хӳтĕлĕхĕ</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.80.C4.83.D0.BD.C4.83.D0.B2.C4.95"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Çаврăнăвĕ</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.9E.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.C4.83_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BD.C4.83_.D1.8D.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Официаллă долларланнă экономикăсем</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.90.D0.9F.D0.A8-.D0.BF.D0.B0_.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.C4.95_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.88.D0.B0.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">АПШ-па ассоцииленнĕ патшалăхсем</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.90.D1.81.C4.83.D1.80.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Асăрхавсем</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.C4.83.D0.BD_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.85_.D0.BF.C4.83.D1.85.C4.83.D1.80"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Çавăн пекех пăхăр</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Источники</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Каçăсем</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95#.D0.9A.C4.95.D0.BC.C4.95.D0.BB_.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Кĕмĕл сертификатсем</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.9D.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC">Номиналсем</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-family: serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;">[<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&section=1" title="Номиналсем пайне тӳрлет">тӳрлет</a>]</span></h2>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8" title="АПШ">АПШ</a> <i>федераци</i> <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> çултанпа кăларнă пĕтĕм банкночĕ халиччен те тӳлев хатĕрĕ шайĕнче. 1971 çултанпа АПШ долларне ылтăн янттипе тивĕçтерме чарнă.<br />
Пичетлеççĕ тата ирĕклĕ çаврăнăвра çакăн пек <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Номинал (хальлĕхе çырман)">номинал</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Банкнота (хальлĕхе çырман)">банкнотмсем</a>:<br />
<ul>
<li>1 доллар;</li>
<li>2 доллар <i><small>(пĕрмаях кăлармаççĕ)</small></i>;</li>
<li>5 доллар;</li>
<li>10 доллар;</li>
<li>20 доллар;</li>
<li>50 доллар;</li>
<li>100 долла;</li>
</ul>
<a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BA%C3%A7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Вак укçа (хальлĕхе çырман)">вак укçа</a> номиналĕсем:<br />
<ul>
<li>1 цент <i>(<a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%28%D0%BF%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D1%88%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Пенни (пĕлтерĕшсем) (хальлĕхе çырман)">пенни</a>)</i> ;</li>
<li>5 цент <i>(<a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%28%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BA%C3%A7%D0%B0%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Никель (вак укçа) (хальлĕхе çырман)">никель</a>)</i> ;</li>
<li>10 цент <i>(<a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Дайм (хальлĕхе çырман)">дайм</a>)</i> ;</li>
<li>25 цент <i>(<a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Квотер (хальлĕхе çырман)">квотер</a>)</i> ;</li>
<li>50 цент <i>(хаф)</i> ;</li>
<li>1 доллар.</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.A2.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.88_.C4.95.D0.BB.D0.BA.D0.B8.2C_.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BD">Тулаш ĕлки, дизайн</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-family: serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;">[<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&section=2" title="Тулаш ĕлки, дизайн пайне тӳрлет">тӳрлет</a>]</span></h2>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.C4.83.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.82.C4.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D1.85.D3.B3.D1.82.C4.95.D0.BB.C4.95.D1.85.C4.95">Банкнотăна тăвасси тата хӳтĕлĕхĕ</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-family: serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;">[<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&section=3" title="Банкнотăна тăвасси тата хӳтĕлĕхĕ пайне тӳрлет">тӳрлет</a>]</span></h2>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.80.C4.83.D0.BD.C4.83.D0.B2.C4.95">Çаврăнăвĕ</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-family: serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;">[<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&section=4" title="Çаврăнăвĕ пайне тӳрлет">тӳрлет</a>]</span></h2>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.9E.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.C4.83_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BD.C4.83_.D1.8D.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC">Официаллă долларланнă экономикăсем</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-family: serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;">[<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&section=5" title="Официаллă долларланнă экономикăсем пайне тӳрлет">тӳрлет</a>]</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Британ Виргин утравĕсен ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Британ Виргин утравĕсен ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Британ Виргин утравĕсем (хальлĕхе çырман)">Британ Виргин утравĕсем</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Тухăç Тимор ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Тухăç Тимор ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Тухăç Тимор (хальлĕхе çырман)">Тухăç Тимор</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Эквадор ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Эквадор ялавĕ</a> <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эквадор">Эквадор</a> — <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> пуçламăшĕнче американ долларĕ <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Сукре (хальлĕхе çырман)">сукре</a> наци валютине улăштарать, çапах та хăйĕн вак укçисемпе усă курать.</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Маршалл утравĕсен ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Маршалл утравĕсен ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Маршалл утравĕсем (хальлĕхе çырман)">Маршалл утравĕсем</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Панама ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Панама ялавĕ</a> <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама">Панама</a>, анчах та хăйĕн вак укçисемпе усă курать.</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Сальвадор ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Сальвадор ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Сальвадор (хальлĕхе çырман)">Сальвадор</a>. <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> çулчен патшалăх укçа виçи <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Сальвадор колонĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">сальвадор колонĕ</a> пулнă. <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Колон (хальлĕхе çырман)">Колона</a> пĕтĕмпех çаврăнăвран <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> çулта кăларса пăрахнă.</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Тёркс тата Кайкос ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Тёркс тата Кайкос ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Тёркс тата Кайкос (хальлĕхе çырман)">Тёркс тата Кайкос</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.90.D0.9F.D0.A8-.D0.BF.D0.B0_.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.C4.95_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.88.D0.B0.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC">АПШ-па ассоцииленнĕ патшалăхсем</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-family: serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;">[<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&section=6" title="АПШ-па ассоцииленнĕ патшалăхсем пайне тӳрлет">тӳрлет</a>]</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Çурçĕр Мари ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Çурçĕр Мари ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Çурçĕр Мари утравĕсем (хальлĕхе çырман)">Çурçĕр Мари утравĕсем</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Микронези Федераци Штачĕсен ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Микронези Федераци Штачĕсен ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Микронези Федераци Штачĕсем (хальлĕхе çырман)">Микронези Федераци Штачĕсем</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Гуам ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Гуам ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Гуам (хальлĕхе çырман)">Гуам</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Пуэрто-Рико ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Пуэрто-Рико ялавĕ</a> <a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Пуэрто-Рико">Пуэрто-Рико</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Шаблон:Палау ялавĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Шаблон:Палау ялавĕ</a> <a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Папау (хальлĕхе çырман)">Папау</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.90.D1.81.C4.83.D1.80.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC">Асăрхавсем</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-family: serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;">[<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&section=7" title="Асăрхавсем пайне тӳрлет">тӳрлет</a>]</span></h2>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.C4.83.D0.BD_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.85_.D0.BF.C4.83.D1.85.C4.83.D1.80">Çавăн пекех пăхăр</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-family: serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;">[<a href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&section=8" title="Çавăн пекех пăхăр пайне тӳрлет">тӳрлет</a>]</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Доллар (хальлĕхе çырман)">Доллар</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Сакагавей долларĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Сакагавей долларĕ</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Доллар символĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Доллар символĕ</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Конфедераци долларĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Конфедераци долларĕ</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Морган долларĕ (хальлĕхе çырман)">Морган долларĕ</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%AB%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ылтăн сертификат (хальлĕхе çырман)">Ылтăн сертификат</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Кĕмĕл сертификат (хальлĕхе çырман)">Кĕмĕл сертификат</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Валюта (хальлĕхе çырман)">Валюта</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Долларизаци (хальлĕхе çырман)">Долларизаци</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Дедолларизаци (хальлĕхе çырман)">Дедолларизаци</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Амеро (хальлĕхе çырман)">Амеро</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%28%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Çирĕм доллар (фильм) (хальлĕхе çырман)">Çирĕм доллар (фильм)</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=8_%C2%BD_$&action=edit&redlink=1" title="8 ½ $ (хальлĕхе çырман)">8 ½ $</a></li>
</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-13684301461434713472012-01-31T15:59:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:22:35.482-08:00Амєрїканьскъ доларъ<div id="siteSub">
Википєдїѩ · отврьстꙑ єнкѷклопєдїѩ · страница</div>
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Амєрика́ньскъ До́ларъ хартономїсмъ видъ</div>
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<b>Амєрїка́ньскъ до́ларъ</b> и <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Англїискъ ѩзыкъ">англїискꙑ</a> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Arial Unicode MS;"><i>United States dollar</i></span> · <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D1%A4%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%A5%CC%81%D0%BD%EA%99%91_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%94%D1%80%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%B0%CC%81%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%EA%99%91_%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B6%D0%B0%CC%81%D0%B2%EA%99%91" title="Ѥдьнѥ́нꙑ Амєрїка́ньскꙑ Дрьжа́вꙑ">Ѥдьнѥ́нъ Амєрїка́ньскъ Дрьжа́въ</a> єпїсимьно <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%CC%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D1%A3%CC%81%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Пла́тьно срѣ́дьство">пла́тьно срѣ́дьство</a> ѥ́стъ ⁙ Ѥго́жє ко́дъ по <a href="http://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">МО҃С</a> обраꙁьцѫ ⁖ <code>USD</code> ⁖ ѥ́стъ · а ѥго́жє ꙁнакъ <b>$</b> · <b>USD</b> или <b>US$</b> ѥ́стъ · да бѣжали о съмѣшєниꙗ съ дроугꙑ пла́тьни срѣ́дьства · ѩжє ꙁнакъ <b>$</b> имѫтъ ⁙ Ѥдинъ доларъ на съто равьни чѧсти и <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Англїискъ ѩзыкъ">англїискꙑ</a> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Arial Unicode MS;"><i>cents</i></span> дѣлєнъ ѥ́стъ<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%94%D1%80%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="исправлѥниѥ чѧсти : вънѣщьнѩ съвѧ́ꙁи">исправи</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.B2.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.A3.D1.89.D1.8C.D0.BD.D1.A9_.D1.81.D1.8A.D0.B2.D1.A7.CC.81.EA.99.81.D0.B8">вънѣщьнѩ съвѧ́ꙁи</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.com/" rel="nofollow">ѤА҃Д съкровищницѧ Мєждоусѣтии мѣсто</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.fms.treas.gov/bulletin/" rel="nofollow">Нꙑнѣшьни и давьни ѤА҃Д доларꙑ</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.treas.gov/topics/currency/index.html" rel="nofollow">The U.S. Treasury's Coins & Currency portal</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%94%D1%80%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="исправлѥниѥ чѧсти : ѤА҃Д хартономїсмъ и цѧтъ видꙑ">исправи</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".D1.A4.D0.90.D2.83.D0.94_.D1.85.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.97.D1.81.D0.BC.D1.8A_.D0.B8_.D1.86.D1.A7.D1.82.D1.8A_.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B4.EA.99.91"><small>ѤА҃Д хартономїсмъ и цѧтъ видꙑ</small></span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/section.cfm/4" rel="nofollow">хартономїсмꙑ</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/CoinLibrary/index.cfm" rel="nofollow">U.S. Mint: видъ каталогъ</a></li>
</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-6996120030128321972012-01-31T15:58:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:22:52.322-08:00Americký dolar<b>Americký dolar</b> (v hovorové <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C4%8Dtina" title="Angličtina">angličtině</a> též <i><b>buck</b></i> nebo řídčeji <i><b>greenie</b></i>) je oficiální <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bna" title="Měna">měna</a> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké">Spojených států amerických</a> i některých dalších zemí (<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekv%C3%A1dor" title="Ekvádor">Ekvádor</a>, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador">Salvador</a> a <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Timor" title="Východní Timor">Východní Timor</a>
se tak rozhodly nezávisle, některé státy dřívějších amerických
teritorií v Tichomořských ostrovech si po získání nezávislosti nepřijaly
vlastní měnu), další státy pak mají svou měnu <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_m%C4%9Bn_s_pevn%C3%BDm_sm%C4%9Bnn%C3%BDm_kurzem" title="Seznam měn s pevným směnným kurzem">pevně vázánu</a>
na kurs amerického dolaru. Americký dolar je nejpoužívanější měna v
mezinárodních transakcích, v mnoha ostatních státech je také široce
používána jako <a class="new" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bankovn%C3%AD_rezerva&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bankovní rezerva (stránka neexistuje)">bankovní rezerva</a>. V dubnu <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>
bylo v oběhu téměř 700 miliard dolarů, z čehož asi dvě třetiny mimo
Spojené státy. Důvodem je, že jej mnohé centrální banky drží společně se
<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlatem</a> jako rezervu (hlavně v oblastech Blízkého východu).<br />
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<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Obsah</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#" id="togglelink">skrýt</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Definice_americk.C3.A9ho_dolaru"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Definice amerického dolaru</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#N.C3.A1zev_a_ozna.C4.8Den.C3.AD"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Název a označení</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Pou.C5.BE.C3.ADv.C3.A1n.C3.AD_dolaru_mimo_USA"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Používání dolaru mimo USA</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Monet.C3.A1rn.C3.AD_indexy_pen.C4.9B.C5.BEn.C3.AD_z.C3.A1soby_USA"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Monetární indexy peněžní zásoby USA</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Dolar_jako_rezervn.C3.AD_m.C4.9Bna"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Dolar jako rezervní měna</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#.C3.9Apadek_v.C3.BDznamu_americk.C3.A9ho_dolaru"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Úpadek významu amerického dolaru</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Mince_a_bankovky"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Mince a bankovky</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Vzhled_historick.C3.BDch_dolar.C5.AF"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Vzhled historických dolarů</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Amero"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Amero</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Odkazy"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Odkazy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Reference"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reference</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Související články</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Externí odkazy</span></a></li>
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<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Definice amerického dolaru">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Definice_americk.C3.A9ho_dolaru">Definice amerického dolaru</span></h2>
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Dolar podle definice <i>Mint Act</i>.</div>
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Ve Spojených státech byl americký dolar zaveden <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/6._%C4%8Dervenec" title="6. červenec">6. července</a> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup> a <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._duben" title="2. duben">2. dubna</a> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a> byl redefinován v rámci výnosu <i>Mint Act</i> (též <i>Coinage Act of 1792</i>).
Ten jej definuje jako stříbrnou minci specifikované hmotnosti, ražený
státní mincovnou. Spolu s dolarem definoval i zlaté mince, tzv. eagly.
Hodnotu dolaru spjal s hodnotou stříbra a zlata v poměru:<br />
<dl><dd>1 USD = 371 až 416 <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grainů</a> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99%C3%ADbro" title="Stříbro">stříbra</a>,</dd><dd>10 USD = 247 až 270 <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grainů</a> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlata</a>,</dd></dl>
přičemž rozsah hmotností daných kovů závisel s jejich ryzostí. Stříbrné mince měly ve znaku zosobnění svobody (<i><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">Liberty</span></i>) a nápis „LIBERTY“; zlaté mince měly vyražený znak amerického orla (ta se nazývá <i><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">Eagle</span></i>). <i>The Coinage Act</i> spolu s mince jiných objemů (hmotností) – dvoudolar (<i>double dollar</i> nebo <i>double eagle</i>), půldolar (později <i>fiftycent</i>), čtvrtdolar (<i>quarter</i>), „desetník“ (<i><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">dime</span></i>) a pěticent (<i>five cents</i>, <i>nickel</i>).<br />
V roce <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a> byly v rámci <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlat%C3%BD_standard" title="Zlatý standard">zlatého standardu</a> hmotnostní poměry upraveny na 23,2 a později 23,22 <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grainů</a>. Svázání amerického dolaru se stříbrem trvalo do roku <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>, od té doby se pojil pouze se zlatem; nicméně, ražení stříbrných mincí pokračovalo až do roku <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> (s přechodným obdobím od roku <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>, kdy bylo stříbro odstraněno ze čtvrťáků a desetníků a z 3/5 i z půldolarů). Zlaté mince byly z oběhu staženy po <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%A1_hospod%C3%A1%C5%99sk%C3%A1_krize" title="Velká hospodářská krize">Velké hospodářské krizi</a> v roce <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>, v rámci tzv. <i>Gold seizure</i>. Hmotnost zlata za dolar byla tehdy změněna na 13,71 grainů (tj. 35 dolarů za <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troysk%C3%A1_unce" title="Troyská unce">troyskou unci</a>) a tento standard vydržel až do roku <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>. V roce <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> vstoupil v platnost tzv. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettonwoodsk%C3%BD_m%C4%9Bnov%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Brettonwoodský měnový systém">Brettonwoodský měnový systém</a>,
ve kterém hrál americký dolar roli světové měny a který cizím vládám
zajišťoval jeho směnitelnost za zlato. Tento systém byl zrušen <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._srpen" title="15. srpen">15. srpna</a> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>. Spolu s ním ztratil dolar i vazbu na zlato, ale místo něj získal mezi lety <a href="tel://1973-2000/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1973-2000">1973-2000</a> statut tzv. „<a class="new" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrom%C4%9Bna&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Petroměna (stránka neexistuje)">petroměny</a>“. Od <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._leden" title="1. leden">1. ledna</a> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> vstoupil americký dolar do éry tzv. plovoucích <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bnov%C3%BD_kurz" title="Měnový kurz">(měnových) kurzů</a>
na měnových trzích. Nominální hodnota vůči troyské unci zlata od tohoto
dne do současnosti vzrostla z 42,22 na přibližně 1700 USD/unci (2011).
Obdobně, kupní síla dolaru od roku <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> (vznik Federálního rezervního systému) do současnosti klesla na tehdejší cca 4 centy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Název a označení">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="N.C3.A1zev_a_ozna.C4.8Den.C3.AD">Název a označení</span></h2>
Název <i><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar" title="Dolar">dolar</a></i> historicky pochází až z <i><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1chymovsk%C3%BD_tolar" title="Jáchymovský tolar">jáchymovského tolaru</a></i>. Americký dolar se běžně označuje symbolem písmene <i>S</i> přeškrtnutého jednou či dvěma svislými čarami – <b>$</b>.<br />
Kód amerického dolaru podle <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_m%C4%9Bn" title="Seznam měn">ISO 4217</a> je <b>USD</b>; <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_m%C4%9Bnov%C3%BD_fond" title="Mezinárodní měnový fond">Mezinárodní měnový fond</a> také používá označení <b>US$</b>.
Méně známé je to, že pro americký dolar existují ještě další dva
pomocné kódy, které se používají v mezinárodním obchodu a na burzách — <b>USS</b> pro americký dolar zaplacený tentýž den (<i>U.S. dollar same day</i>) a <b>USN</b> pro americký dolar zaplacený příští den (<i>U.S. dollar next day</i>). Toto rozlišení vzniklo z potřeby opatření proti změnám kurzu této světové měny.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Používání dolaru mimo USA">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Pou.C5.BE.C3.ADv.C3.A1n.C3.AD_dolaru_mimo_USA">Používání dolaru mimo USA</span></h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="205" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg/400px-DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg.png" width="400" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Americký dolar, euro a měny na ně vázané v zemích světa: <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><span style="border: 1px solid rgb(9, 45, 152);"><span style="background-color: #092d98; color: #092d98;"> </span></span> eurozóna, jejíž centrální banka vydává euro</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><span style="border: 1px solid rgb(152, 179, 255);"><span style="background-color: #98b3ff; color: #98b3ff;"> </span></span> euro v zemích mimo eurozónu</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><span style="border: 1px solid rgb(81, 9, 153);"><span style="background-color: #510999; color: #510999;"> </span></span> měny pevně navázané na euro</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><span style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 153, 255);"><span style="background-color: #cc99ff; color: #cc99ff;"> </span></span> měny navázané na euro s fluktuačním pásmem</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><span style="border: 1px solid rgb(9, 152, 17);"><span style="background-color: #099811; color: #099811;"> </span></span> Spojené státy americké, jejichž centrální banka vydává americký dolar</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><span style="border: 1px solid rgb(153, 255, 158);"><span style="background-color: #99ff9e; color: #99ff9e;"> </span></span> americký dolar v zemích mimo Spojené státy americké</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><span style="border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 9);"><span style="background-color: #999909; color: #999909;"> </span></span> měny pevně navázané na americký dolar</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><span style="border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 153);"><span style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #ffff99;"> </span></span> měny navázané na americký dolar s fluktuačním pásmem</span></div>
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Americký dolar je zákonnou měnou v několika nezávislých státech a závislých území:<br />
<ul>
<li>Nezávislé státy
<ul>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_Palau.svg" title="Palau"><img alt="Palau" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg" title="Mikronésie"><img alt="Mikronésie" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federativn%C3%AD_st%C3%A1ty_Mikron%C3%A9sie" title="Federativní státy Mikronésie">Mikronésie</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg" title="Marshallovy ostrovy"><img alt="Marshallovy ostrovy" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshallovy_ostrovy" title="Marshallovy ostrovy">Marshallovy ostrovy</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg" title="Salvador"><img alt="Salvador" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/22px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador">Salvador</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_East_Timor.svg" title="Východní Timor"><img alt="Východní Timor" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/22px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Timor" title="Východní Timor">Východní Timor</a> používá dolarové bankovky i mince, ale souběžně používá <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDchodotimorsk%C3%A9_centavov%C3%A9_mince" title="Východotimorské centavové mince">vlastní mince</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_Ecuador.svg" title="Ekvádor"><img alt="Ekvádor" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekv%C3%A1dor" title="Ekvádor">Ekvádor</a> používá dolarové bankovky i mince, ale souběžně používá <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekv%C3%A1dorsk%C3%A9_centavov%C3%A9_mince" title="Ekvádorské centavové mince">vlastní mince</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_Panama.svg" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/22px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> má vlastní měnu <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamsk%C3%A1_balboa" title="Panamská balboa">balbou</a>, která má však směnný kurs k dolaru 1:1 a dolar je uznán jako druhá měna</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1mo%C5%99sk%C3%A9_%C3%BAzem%C3%AD_Spojen%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Zámořské území Spojeného království">Britská zámořská teritoria</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg" title="Britské Panenské ostrovy"><img alt="Britské Panenské ostrovy" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_Panensk%C3%A9_ostrovy" title="Britské Panenské ostrovy">Britské Panenské ostrovy</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg" title="Turks a Caicos"><img alt="Turks a Caicos" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_a_Caicos" title="Turks a Caicos">Turks a Caicos</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Autonomní státy volně přidružené k USA
<ul>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg" title="Americká Samoa"><img alt="Americká Samoa" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/22px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_Samoa" title="Americká Samoa">Americká Samoa</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg" title="Portoriko"><img alt="Portoriko" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portoriko" title="Portoriko">Portoriko</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg" title="Americké Panenské ostrovy"><img alt="Americké Panenské ostrovy" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%A9_Panensk%C3%A9_ostrovy" title="Americké Panenské ostrovy">Americké Panenské ostrovy</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_Guam.svg" title="Guam"><img alt="Guam" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg" title="Severní Mariany"><img alt="Severní Mariany" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Mariany" title="Severní Mariany">Severní Mariany</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibsk%C3%A9_Nizozemsko" title="Karibské Nizozemsko">Zvláštní správní obvody</a> Nizozemska <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup>
<ul>
<li><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_Bonaire.svg" title="Bonaire"><img alt="Bonaire" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_Saba.svg" title="Saba"><img alt="Saba" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba" title="Saba">Saba</a></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg" title="Sint Eustatius"><img alt="Sint Eustatius" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Monetární indexy peněžní zásoby USA">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Monet.C3.A1rn.C3.AD_indexy_pen.C4.9B.C5.BEn.C3.AD_z.C3.A1soby_USA">Monetární indexy peněžní zásoby USA</span></h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Components_of_the_United_States_money_supply.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="178" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Components_of_the_United_States_money_supply.svg/220px-Components_of_the_United_States_money_supply.svg.png" width="220" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Components_of_the_United_States_money_supply.svg" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Vývoj peněžních agregátů USA</div>
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Spojené státy americké měří množství svého oběživa následujícími indexy (řídčeji zvané „monetární agregáty“):<br />
<ul>
<li><b><tt>M0</tt></b> = veškeré fyzické oběživo + peníze na účtech Centrální banky, které mohou být proměněny ve fyzické oběživo.</li>
<li><b><tt>M1</tt></b> = ty části M0, které jsou drženy v trezorech +
objem transakčních depozitních účtů (v nichž jsou soustředěny například
peníze pro platbu šeky)</li>
<li><b><tt>M2</tt></b> = M1 + většina spořících účtů, účtů trhu penez, malých termínovaných vkladů a vkladových certifikátů do <a href="tel://100000/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 100 000">100 000</a> dolarů.</li>
<li><b><tt>M3</tt></b> = M2 + ostatní vkladové certifikáty, vklady
eurodolarů a skupní dohody. Index M3 dává nejlepší obrázek o množství
amerického oběživa ve světě, ale <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/23._duben" title="23. duben">23. dubna</a> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>
bylo nařízeno přestat jej zveřejňovat. Oficiální důvod byl ten, že
zjišťování samo o sobě stojí mnoho peněz; někteří komentátoři však
dávají zákaz do souvislosti s uvažovaným otevřením <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_ropn%C3%A1_burza" title="Íránská ropná burza">íránské ropné burzy</a>,
která měla začít éru obchodování s důležitými fosilními palivy striktně
bez účasti amerického dolaru, což by s velmi jistě vedlo k postupné
devalvaci dolaru (její - nakonec neuskutečněné - otevření bylo
naplánováno na 20. dubna - pouhé tři dny před ukončení zveřejňování M3).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-6">[7]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Dolar jako rezervní měna">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Dolar_jako_rezervn.C3.AD_m.C4.9Bna">Dolar jako rezervní měna</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Au_annual_average_USD_price_1793-2005.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Au_annual_average_USD_price_1793-2005.png/220px-Au_annual_average_USD_price_1793-2005.png" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Au_annual_average_USD_price_1793-2005.png" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Vývoj ceny zlata v amerických dolarech. V určitých historických obdobích byl definován přímo ve vztahu k množství zlata (<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a> – 1,6 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a>, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> – 1,505 g, 1933 – 1/35 <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troysk%C3%A1_unce" title="Troyská unce">oz</a>). Dalšími milníky jsou roky <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> – <i><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feder%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_rezervn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Federální rezervní systém">Federal Reserve</a> Act</i>, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> – <i>„Gold seizure“</i>; <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> – <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettonwoodsk%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Brettonwoodský systém">Brettonwoodský systém</a>, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> – <i>„<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettonwoodsk%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m#Konec_Brettonwoodsk.C3.A9ho_m.C4.9Bnov.C3.A9ho_syst.C3.A9mu" title="Brettonwoodský systém">Uzavření zlatého okna</a>)“</i></div>
</div>
</div>
Od konce 18. století do konce druhé světové války byl dolar „kryt“
zlatem, resp. jeho hodnota byla na množství zlata vázána. Od konce <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="První světová válka">1. světové války</a>, po které některé evropské země zaznamenaly finanční krize a <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflace" title="Hyperinflace">hyperinflaci</a>, navíc jeho význam celosvětově vzrostl. <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettonwoodsk%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Brettonwoodský systém">Brettonwoodskou dohodou</a>
se z dolaru stala oficiální světová rezervní měna a všechny ostatní
měny od ní byly odvozeny. Měnový systém, který byl v Bretton Woods
ustanovený a který byl variantou zlatého standardu, trval do srpna <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>.
Poté, co přestal platit princip krytí dolaru zlatem, zaznamenala tato
měna skokový pokles zájmu (který se časově kryl s prvním celosvětovým <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropn%C3%BD_%C5%A1ok" title="Ropný šok">ropným šokem</a>). Nixonova administrativa hledala cestu, jak žádanost a zájem o svoji národní měnu upevnit.<br />
Po dvou rozhodnutí <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPECu</a>
(z počátku 70. let, kterému předcházely bilaterální dohody mezi USA a
Saúdskou Arábií) se americký dolar stal jedinou měnou, v které byla
obchodována <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa">ropa</a>, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemn%C3%AD_plyn" title="Zemní plyn">zemní plyn</a> a ostatní <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosiln%C3%AD_paliva" title="Fosilní paliva">fosilní paliva</a> (tzv. <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrodolar" title="Petrodolar">petrodolar</a>).
To většinu zemí nutilo opatřit si a spravovat dolarové rezervy k
nakupování s ropou (americký dolar je z jejich pohledu jejich <b>rezervní měna</b>). Americký dolar tak absolvoval cyklus, kdy jím bylo v ropných <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burza" title="Burza">burzách</a>
zaplaceno zemím vyvážejícím ropu, které za ně většinou investovaly za
služby nebo výrobky, částečně i v jiných zemí nebo na udržení nebo
expanzi své ropné produkce. To, jak se ropná naleziště vyčerpávají a
ropa se stává dražší, především ale neustále se zvyšující objem
spotřebované ropy a uvolňování <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dluhopis" title="Dluhopis">dluhopisů</a>
ze strany americké státní pokladny (které fakticky snižují počet
emitovaných dolarů) zajišťovalo americkému dolaru jeho pevnost a stále
se zvyšující poptávku po něm coby měně nutné k nákupu potřebné ropy. Na
základě této poptávky si americká státní pokladna mohla pravidelně
dovolit emitovat nové dolary, které do celosvětového oběhu zařadila tím,
že za ně nakoupila produkty nebo služby v zahraničí. Toto je také důvod
dlouhodobé nevyrovnané obchodní bilance <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké">Spojených států</a> ve prospěch <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Import" title="Import">importu</a>, která se v tomto období vytvořila (k roku 2007 rozdíl činí nominálně asi 800 mld dolarů).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-7">[8]</a></sup>
Změna světového statutu dolaru by pak americkou ekonomiku uvrhla do
stavu, kdy by byla postavena před problém, jak „přes noc“ vyrovnat saldo
obchodní bilance, která byla v diskurzu posledních téměř 40 let.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Úpadek významu amerického dolaru">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".C3.9Apadek_v.C3.BDznamu_americk.C3.A9ho_dolaru">Úpadek významu amerického dolaru</span></h2>
Význam amerického dolaru a petrodolarový cyklus byl narušen až na
přelomu 20. století. O platbě za ropu v jiné měně než americkém dolaru
poprvé začal hovořit <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán">Írán</a> (v roce <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>) a <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> (2000); a prvním, kdo začal za ropu přijímat jinou měnu než dolary (<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>, za program <i>Food for Oil</i>), byl <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadd%C3%A1m_Hussain" title="Saddám Hussain">Saddám Hussain</a>, 6. listopadu 2000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-8">[9]</a></sup> Dva měsíce po <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lka_v_Ir%C3%A1ku" title="Válka v Iráku">invazi do Iráku</a>
byl prodej irácké ropy „přepnut“ zpět na americký dolar, ale než se tak
stalo, jak Irák, tak Venezuela, tak v největší míře Írán započaly trend
diverzifikace rezervní měny v podobě amerických dolarů, inicializovaly a
podporovaly úvahy o nahrazení dolaru něčím jiným (nejčastěji: jinou
měnou, krytou komoditním košem), a začaly bilaterálně jednat s jinými
zeměmi (typicky těmi, které nejsou v <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>)
i významnými soukromými subjekty o nákupu ropy za jejich lokální měnu.
Írán patrně zašel nejdále – (byť se zpožděním oproti původnímu plánu)
otevřel <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_ropn%C3%A1_burza" title="Íránská ropná burza">mezinárodní ropnou burzu</a>
obchodující s ropou a deriváty s vyloučením amerického dolaru, který
explicitně nepřijímá při platbách, zbavil se více než 85 % dolarů coby
rezervní měny, zbavil se bezprostředních transakcí s americkými bankami a
vyjednal mnoho kontraktů na dodávky íránské ropy v jiných měnách.<br />
Samotné vystoupení výše zmíněných zemí proti privilegiu amerického dolaru motivovala další státy a spustila <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvan%C3%A1ct_bod%C5%AF_p%C5%AFsoben%C3%AD_pro_z%C3%A1sah_do_syst%C3%A9mu#2._Soubor_paradigmat.2C_z_kter.C3.BDch_syst.C3.A9m_vyvst.C3.A1v.C3.A1_.28jeho_c.C3.ADle.2C_slo.C5.BEen.C3.AD.2C_pravidla.2C_zpo.C5.BEd.C4.9Bn.C3.AD.2C_parametry.29" title="Dvanáct bodů působení pro zásah do systému">změnu paradigmatu</a>, která sama o sobě má takovou <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybnost" title="Hybnost">hybnost</a>,
že není jisté, zda-li Spojené státy budou schopny tento (pro ně
nepříznivý) trend zvrátit a opět nastolit petrodolarový cyklus (ten
podle dat z roku 2008 „běží“ jen na 68 procent<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-9">[10]</a></sup>). Faktorem v této transformaci je i to, že mnoho ostatních zemí je sesazení dolaru z privilegované pozice petroměny nakloněno.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-10">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-11">[12]</a></sup> Taktéž, zejména během druhého prezidentského období George W. Bushe, volil <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feder%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_rezervn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Federální rezervní systém">Federální rezervní systém</a> taktiku masívního tisku nových bankovek a jejich distribuce do peněžního systému,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-12">[13]</a></sup> což mělo největší vliv na další <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflace" title="Inflace">inflaci</a> dolaru, s reálnou hrozbou rozběhnutí <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflace" title="Hyperinflace">hyperinflace</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-13">[14]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-14">[15]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-15">[16]</a></sup>
Další okolností, která tomu nenasvědčuje, je skutečnost, že americký
dolar mezi lety 2000 a 2007 ztratil cca 3/4 své hodnoty vůči <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euru</a> a mnohé státy přehodnotily pozici dolaru coby rezervní měny a začaly diverzifikovat, nejčastěji na <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>.<br />
O změně systému s jednou státní měnou, která je současně světovou
rezervní měnou, mluvil v lednu 2009 v Davosu Vladimir Putin, o dva
měsíce později guvernér čínské centrální banky Čou Siao-čchuan navrhl
vytvoření světové rezervní měny namísto dolaru a později dodal, že
„[N]áklady, které svět nese za existující měnový systém, už možná
předčily jeho zisky“. V září téhož roku se ve zprávě OSN ke Konferenci o
trhu a rozvoji (UNCTAD) píše, že „finanční systém, kde je dolar jedinou
rezervní měnou, by měl projít celkovým přehodnocením“, a mezitím deník <i>The Independent</i>
přinesl zprávu o jednáních centrálních bank Číny, Ruska, Francie,
Brazílie a států OPEC v oblasti Perského zálivu o nahrazení dolaru v
pozici světové měny. Se sesazením dolaru se ztotožnili i významní
ekonomové ze samotných Spojených států jako Josef Stiglitz, Paul Volker
nebo George Soros, a dokonce i <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizace_spojen%C3%BDch_n%C3%A1rod%C5%AF" title="Organizace spojených národů">Organizace spojených národů</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-16">[17]</a></sup> <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_m%C4%9Bnov%C3%BD_fond" title="Mezinárodní měnový fond">Mezinárodní měnový fond</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-17">[18]</a></sup> či ředitel <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_banka" title="Světová banka">Světové banky</a>, Robert Zoelick.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_note-18">[19]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Mince a bankovky">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Mince_a_bankovky">Mince a bankovky</span></h2>
<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mince" title="Mince">Mince</a> jsou raženy v <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomin%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_hodnota" title="Nominální hodnota">nominálních hodnotách</a> <b>1, 5, 10, 25, 50</b> centů a <b>1</b> dolar. Současné <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankovky" title="Bankovky">bankovky</a> dolaru mají hodnoty <b>1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100</b> dolarů.<br />
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th>Hodnota<br />
(lidový název)</th>
<th>Aversní strana</th>
<th>Reversní strana</th>
<th>Vyobrazená osoba</th>
<th>Motiv reversní strany</th>
<th>Váha</th>
<th>Průměr</th>
<th>Tloušťka</th>
<th>Materiál</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 cent<br />
(Penny)</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png" title="avers - 1 cent"><img alt="avers - 1 cent" height="81" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png/80px-2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png" title="avers - 1 cent"><img alt="avers - 1 cent" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png/80px-2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%C5%AFv_pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk" title="Lincolnův památník">Lincolnův památník</a></td>
<td>2,50 g</td>
<td>19,05 mm</td>
<td>1,55 mm</td>
<td>97,5 % <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinek" title="Zinek">Zn</a><br />
2,5 % <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9B%C4%8F" title="Měď">Cu</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5 centů<br />
(Nickel)</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg" title="avers - 5 centů"><img alt="avers - 5 centů" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg/80px-2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg" title="avers - 5 centů"><img alt="avers - 5 centů" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg/80px-2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monticello_%28Virginia%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Monticello (Virginia) (stránka neexistuje)">Monticello</a></td>
<td>5,00 g</td>
<td>21,21 mm</td>
<td>1,95 mm</td>
<td>75 % Cu<br />
25 % <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">Ni</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10 centů<br />
(Dime)</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png" title="avers - 10 centů"><img alt="avers - 10 centů" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png/80px-2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png" title="avers - 10 centů"><img alt="avers - 10 centů" height="79" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png/80px-2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td>
<td>olivová ratolest, pochodeň, dubová větvička</td>
<td>2,27 g</td>
<td>17,91 mm</td>
<td>1,35 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>25 centů<br />
(Quarter)</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Washington_Quarter_79.PNG" title="avers - 25 centů"><img alt="avers - 25 centů" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Washington_Quarter_79.PNG/80px-Washington_Quarter_79.PNG" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Quarter_new.jpg" title="avers - 25 centů"><img alt="avers - 25 centů" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quarter_new.jpg/80px-Quarter_new.jpg" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orel_b%C4%9Blohlav%C3%BD" title="Orel bělohlavý">Orel bělohlavý</a></td>
<td>5,67 g</td>
<td>24,26 mm</td>
<td>1,75 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50 centů<br />
(Half)</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png" title="avers - 50 centů"><img alt="avers - 50 centů" height="80" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png/80px-2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" title="revers - 50 centů"><img alt="revers - 50 centů" height="79" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png/80px-2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td>
<td>prezidentská pečeť</td>
<td>11,34 g</td>
<td>30,61 mm</td>
<td>2,15 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 dolar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:1999_SBA_Obv_P.png" title="avers - 1 dolar"><img alt="avers - 1 dolar" height="78" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1999_SBA_Obv_P.png/80px-1999_SBA_Obv_P.png" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:1999_SBA_Rev_P.png" title="revers - 1 dolar"><img alt="revers - 1 dolar" height="79" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1999_SBA_Rev_P.png/80px-1999_SBA_Rev_P.png" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_B._Anthony&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Susan B. Anthony (stránka neexistuje)">Susan B. Anthony</a></td>
<td>logo <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></td>
<td>8,10 g</td>
<td>26,50 mm</td>
<td>2,00 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 dolar</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:United_States_one_dollar_coin,_reverse.jpg" title="revers - 1 dolar"><img alt="revers - 1 dolar" height="78" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg/80px-United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg" width="80" /></a></td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sacagawea&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sacagawea (stránka neexistuje)">Sacagawea</a></td>
<td>letící orel bělohlavý</td>
<td>8,10 g</td>
<td>26,50 mm</td>
<td>2,00 mm</td>
<td>77 % Cu<br />
12 % Zn<br />
7 % <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a><br />
4 % Ni</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th>Nominální hodnota</th>
<th><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avers" title="Avers">Aversní</a> strana</th>
<th><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revers" title="Revers">Reversní</a> strana</th>
<th>Vyobrazená osoba</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 dolar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="87" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/200px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_reverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, reverse.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="89" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg/200px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2 dolary</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US_$2_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $2 obverse.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="84" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/200px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US_$2_reverse.jpg"><img alt="US $2 reverse.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="83" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/US_%242_reverse.jpg/200px-US_%242_reverse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5 dolarů</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US_$5_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $5 obverse.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="86" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/US_%245_obverse.jpg/200px-US_%245_obverse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US_$5_reverse.jpg"><img alt="US $5 reverse.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="86" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_%245_reverse.jpg/200px-US_%245_reverse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10 dolarů</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg"><img alt="US10dollarbill-Series 2004A.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="85" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/200px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US_$10_Series_2004_reverse.jpg"><img alt="US $10 Series 2004 reverse.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="84" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg/200px-US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>20 dolarů</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US20-front.jpg"><img alt="US20-front.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="87" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/200px-US20-front.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US20-back.jpg"><img alt="US20-back.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="84" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/US20-back.jpg/200px-US20-back.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50 dolarů</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg"><img alt="Series2004NoteFront 50.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="86" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg/200px-Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg"><img alt="Series2004NoteBack 50.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="83" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg/200px-Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>100 dolarů</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Usdollar100front.jpg"><img alt="Usdollar100front.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="84" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Usdollar100front.jpg/200px-Usdollar100front.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:US_$100_reverse.jpg"><img alt="US $100 reverse.jpg" class="thumbborder" height="84" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/US_%24100_reverse.jpg/200px-US_%24100_reverse.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Vzhled historických dolarů">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Vzhled_historick.C3.BDch_dolar.C5.AF">Vzhled historických dolarů</span></h2>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Nominál bankovky a datum vydání</th>
<th>Vzhled aversu</th>
<th>Vzhled reversu</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1$ emise 1935 D, Silver Certificate</td>
<td><div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:1_$_1935.jpg"><img alt="1 $ 1935.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1_%24_1935.jpg/220px-1_%24_1935.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:1_$_1935.jpg" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:FP_MWMF035.jpg"><img alt="FP MWMF035.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FP_MWMF035.jpg/220px-FP_MWMF035.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:FP_MWMF035.jpg" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5$ emise 1928 C</td>
<td><div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:5$1928AV.jpg"><img alt="5$1928AV.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="90" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/5%241928AV.jpg/220px-5%241928AV.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:5$1928AV.jpg" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:5$1928RE.jpg"><img alt="5$1928RE.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="90" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/5%241928RE.jpg/220px-5%241928RE.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:5$1928RE.jpg" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5$ emise Yellow Seal 1934 pro vylodění v severní Africe, 1942</td>
<td><div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Avers5$_MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg"><img alt="Avers5$ MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="94" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Avers5%24_MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg/220px-Avers5%24_MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Avers5$_MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Revers5$_MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg"><img alt="Revers5$ MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="96" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Revers5%24_MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg/220px-Revers5%24_MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Revers5$_MILITARY.ISSUE.NORTH.AFRICA.jpg" title="Zvětšit"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Amero">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Amero">Amero</span></h2>
<div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle">
<dl><dd><i>Hlavní článek: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amero" title="Amero">Amero</a></i></dd></dl>
</div>
Již v roce <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>, soudobně se vznikem <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">eura</a> začaly některé americké <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think-tank" title="Think-tank">think-tanky</a> zpracovávat koncepci o společné <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bnov%C3%A1_unie" title="Měnová unie">měnové unii</a> nejdříve <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké">USA</a>, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanady</a> a <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexika</a>, později eventuálně všech států <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Amerika" title="Severní Amerika">Severní Ameriky</a>. V roce <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> a <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> proběhla předběžná jednání hlav výše uvedených států. Instituce by měla nést jméno <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severoamerick%C3%A1_m%C4%9Bnov%C3%A1_unie" title="Severoamerická měnová unie">Severoamerická měnová unie</a> a její měna byla nazvána <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amero" title="Amero">Amero</a>.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Odkazy">Odkazy</span></h2>
<div class="noprint sisterproject">
<div style="float: left;">
<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Logo Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" height="54" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="40" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-left: 60px;">
<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> nabízí obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu
<br />
<div class="plainlinks" style="margin-left: 10px;">
<i><b><a class="external text" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Banknotes_of_the_United_States?uselang=cs">Bankovky Spojených států amerických</a></b></i></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="noprint sisterproject">
<div style="float: left;">
<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Logo Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" height="54" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="40" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-left: 60px;">
<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> nabízí obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu
<br />
<div class="plainlinks" style="margin-left: 10px;">
<i><b><a class="external text" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coins_of_the_United_States?uselang=cs">Mince Spojených států amerických</a></b></i></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="border-bottom: none; font-size: 132%; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: .3em; margin: 0; padding-bottom: .17em; padding-top: .5em;">
Aktuální kurz měny Americký dolar</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="background: none;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Podle <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_banka" title="Česká národní banka">ČNB</a>:</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.cnb.cz/miranda2/m2/cs/financni_trhy/devizovy_trh/kurzy_devizoveho_trhu/vybrane.html?mena=USD&od=01.01.2011&do=31.12.2011" rel="nofollow">CZK</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Podle <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency" rel="nofollow">Yahoo! Finance</a>:</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=CZK&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">CZK</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=EUR&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">EUR</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=CHF&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">CHF</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=GBP&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">GBP</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=JPY&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">JPY</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Podle <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/" rel="nofollow">XE.com</a>:</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=CZK&To=USD" rel="nofollow">CZK</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=USD" rel="nofollow">EUR</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=CHF&To=USD" rel="nofollow">CHF</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=GBP&To=USD" rel="nofollow">GBP</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=USD" rel="nofollow">JPY</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Podle <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/" rel="nofollow">OANDA.com</a>:</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=CZK&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">CZK</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=EUR&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">EUR</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=CHF&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">CHF</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=GBP&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">GBP</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=JPY&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">JPY</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=11" title="Editace sekce: Reference">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Reference">Reference</span></h3>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-0"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-0">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28jc0295%29%29" rel="nofollow">http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc0295))</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/United+States+dollar" rel="nofollow">http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/United+States+dollar</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <cite style="font-style: normal;"><i>Invoering van de dollar</i> [online]. Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [cit. <a href="tel://2011-01-01/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 2011-01-01">2011-01-01</a>]. <a class="external text" href="http://www.rijksdienstcn.com/pagina/124/invoering-van-de-dollar.html" rel="nofollow">Dostupné online.</a> (nizozemsky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Invoering+van+de+dollar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksdienstcn.com%2Fpagina%2F124%2Finvoering-van-de-dollar.html&rft.pub=Rijksdienst+Caribisch+Nederland"> </span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://zlomropy.blogspot.com/search?q=M3" rel="nofollow">http://zlomropy.blogspot.com/search?q=M3</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://www.zvedavec.org/clanky_1483.htm?rok=2006" rel="nofollow">http://www.zvedavec.org/clanky_1483.htm?rok=2006</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://www.zvedavec.org/clanky_1822.htm?&rok=2006" rel="nofollow">http://www.zvedavec.org/clanky_1822.htm?&rok=2006</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://www.mwm.cz/clanek1.php?id=1271&pjmeno=&kredit=&p1=" rel="nofollow">http://www.mwm.cz/clanek1.php?id=1271&pjmeno=&kredit=&p1=</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://www.counterpunch.org/roberts10022008.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.counterpunch.org/roberts10022008.html</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/10/30/iraq.un.euro.reut/" rel="nofollow">http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/10/30/iraq.un.euro.reut/</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://www.worldpress.org/Mideast/2314.cfm#down" rel="nofollow">http://www.worldpress.org/Mideast/2314.cfm#down</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://ultimitt.org/index.php?option=com_fireboard&Itemid=0&func=view&catid=15&id=4388" rel="nofollow">http://ultimitt.org/index.php?option=com_fireboard&Itemid=0&func=view&catid=15&id=4388</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <a class="external free" href="http://biz.yahoo.com/rf/030616/energy_euro_2.html" rel="nofollow">http://biz.yahoo.com/rf/030616/energy_euro_2.html</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/18/AR2009031802283.html" rel="nofollow">Fed to Pump $1.2 Trillion Into Markets</a>, Washington Post</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=11401" rel="nofollow">Federal Reserve sets stage for Weimar-style Hyperinflation</a>, 25. prosince 2008, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrum_pro_v%C3%BDzkum_globalizace" title="Centrum pro výzkum globalizace">Centrum pro výzkum globalizace</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://seekingalpha.com/article/127006-expecting-hyper-inflation-fed-chooses-to-monetize-america-s-debt" rel="nofollow">Expecting Hyper-Inflation: Fed Chooses to Monetize America's Debt</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article13696.html" rel="nofollow">The Coming Fed U.S. Hyperinflation</a>, 23. srpna 2009, The Market Oracle</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE65S40620100629?loomia_ow=t0:s0:a49:g43:r1:c0.173913:b35417334:z0" rel="nofollow">Scrap dollar as sole reserve currency: U.N. report</a>, 29. červen 2010</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://rocenka2009.aktualne.centrum.cz/ekonomika/clanek.phtml?id=654196" rel="nofollow">Dolar čelí "globálnímu spiknutí" kdysi chudých zemí</a>, aktuálně.cz, 22. prosince 2009</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.augustreview.com/news_commentary/trilateral_commission/zoellick_cautions_on_dollar_supremacy_20090928152/" rel="nofollow">Zoellick cautions on dollar supremacy</a></li>
</ol>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=12" title="Editace sekce: Související články">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky">Související články</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_m%C4%9Bn_s_pevn%C3%BDm_sm%C4%9Bnn%C3%BDm_kurzem" title="Seznam měn s pevným směnným kurzem">Seznam měn s pevným směnným kurzem</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_m%C4%9Bn" title="Seznam měn">Seznam měn</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrodolar" title="Petrodolar">Petrodolar</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegemonie_dolaru" title="Hegemonie dolaru">Hegemonie dolaru</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%BD_dolar&action=edit&section=13" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy">editovat</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy">Externí odkazy</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.penize.cz/produkty/meny/clanky.asp?IDP=1&TID=MEUSD" rel="nofollow">Články o americkém dolaru</a> na <a class="external text" href="http://penize.cz/" rel="nofollow">peníze.cz</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.treas.gov/topics/currency/index.html" rel="nofollow">Portál <i>Mince a bankovky</i></a> na stránkách amerického ministerstva financí (anglicky)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.frbsf.org/currency/" rel="nofollow">Výstava <i>Americká měna</i></a> na stránkách americké rezervní banky v San Franciscu (anglicky)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.com/section.cfm/4" rel="nofollow">Obrázky všech platných bankovek</a> na stránkách amerického ministerstva financí (anglicky)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.funlobby.com/index.php/20080619619/-Vintage-Dollars-Collection.html" rel="nofollow">Obrázky starých bankovek</a> amerického dolaru</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.clevelandfed.org/Research/com96/041596.htm" rel="nofollow"><i>Where Is All the U. S. Currency Hiding?</i></a> (anglicky)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.blisty.cz/art/35739.html" rel="nofollow">Čína hospodářsky hrozí Spojeným státům</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://aktualne.centrum.cz/ekonomika/business-ve-svete/clanek.phtml?id=633461" rel="nofollow">Dolar už není, co býval. Státy chtějí novou měnu</a>, aktuálně.cz, 4. dubna 2009</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.blisty.cz/2009/6/16/art47425.html" rel="nofollow">Americké impérium bankrotuje: Tento týden znamená konec dolaru jako rezervní měny.</a>, 16. června 2009, <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_listy" title="Britské listy">Britské listy</a></li>
</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-42594649255286524232012-01-31T15:57:00.002-08:002012-01-31T16:23:12.559-08:00Dolyar sa Estados Unidos<div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="ceb">
Ang <b>dolyar</b> (Iningles: <b>dollar</b>) (kodigo sa ISO 4217: <b>USD</b>) (gidaghan:<b>dolyares</b>) mao ang yunit sa <a href="http://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarta" title="Kwarta">kwarta</a> o kurensiya sa <a href="http://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>. Giadap usab kini isip opisyal ug legal nga kurensiya sa gobyerno sa ubang kanasoran. Normal nga gimubo kini isip <b>$</b>, o USD o <b>US$</b> aron malahi sa ubang may <i>dollar</i> usab nga kwarta ug sa ubang migamit sa simbolo nga $. Nabahin-bahin ang dolyar ngadto sa 100 ka sentimo (<i>100 cents</i>).<br />
Gikuha sa Kongreso sa Kompederasyon sa Estados Unidos niadtong Hulyo
6, 1785, ang dolyar sa U.S. mao ang labing gigamit nga kwarta sa
internasyonal nga mga transaksyon. Daghang nasod migamit niini isip
opisyal nga kwarta, ug daghang uban pa migammit niini sa de facto nga
kapasidad. Sa tuig 1995, labaw sa US $380 bilyones ang nasirkular, 2/3
niini nahitabo sa gawas sa Estados Unidos. Pag-abot sa tuig 2005,
nadoble ang sirkulasyon niini, mikabat og mga $760 bilyones, ang tinuig
nga pagtubo mga 7.6%. Kaso, sa pag-abot sa Disyembre 2006, ang dolyar
nalabawan sa <a class="new" href="http://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euro&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Euro (wala pa masulat)">euro</a>,
sa total nga bili sa kwarta nga nasirkular. Sugod dinhi, ang
kasamtangang bili sa euro miabot og labaw pa sa €695 bilyones, egwal sa
US$1.029 trilyones sa reyt sa pagbaylo sa kwarta karon.</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-25049455744263041382012-01-31T15:57:00.000-08:002012-01-31T16:23:26.747-08:00IХМ доллар<div id="siteSub">
Хlара гlирс Википедийа чура бу — маьрша энсихалпайде.</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5l%D1%83%D0%BC:USDnotes.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="242" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USDnotes.jpg/250px-USDnotes.jpg" width="250" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5l%D1%83%D0%BC:USDnotes.jpg" title="Доккха де"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Iамерик пачхьалкха ахча ду хlара, оцуьнан цlе доллар ю</div>
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<b>Доллар</b> — <b><a href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5l%D0%BE%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Iамерикан Хlоьттина Мехкаш">Iамерикан Хlоьттина Мехкашан</a></b> (<a href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ингалсан мотт">инглс.</a> <span lang="en">United States dollar</span>) <b><a class="new" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Доллар (ишта агlо йоцуш йу)">доллар</a></b> — и ахча ду дуьненан чохь дукхах йолу пачхьалкхашкахь лелаш.<br />
<br />
<br />
Ара хоьцуш а лелаш долу ахча ду хlара:<br />
<ul>
<li>1 доллар;</li>
<li>2 доллар (массо хенахь ара ца хоьцу);</li>
<li>5 доллар;</li>
<li>10 доллар;</li>
<li>20 доллар;</li>
<li>50 доллар;</li>
<li>100 доллар;</li>
</ul>
уггаре кегийра ахчан барам хуьлу:<br />
<ul>
<li>1 цент (пенни) ;</li>
<li>5 цент (никель) ;</li>
<li>10 цент (дайм) ;</li>
<li>25 цент (квотер) ;</li>
<li>50 цент (халф) ;</li>
<li>1 доллар.</li>
</ul>
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Чулацам</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%D0%A5%D0%9C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#" id="togglelink">дlайаккха</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%D0%A5%D0%9C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.90.D1.85.D1.87.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D1.81.D1.83.D1.8C.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.88"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Ахчан суьрташ</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%D0%A5%D0%9C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.A5.D1.8C.D0.B0.D0.B6.D0.B0_.D0.B8.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B0"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Хьажа ишта</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%D0%A5%D0%9C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.91.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BA.D1.85.D0.B0.D1.80"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Билгалдаккхар</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%D0%A5%D0%9C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.A5.D1.8C.D0.B0.D0.B6.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.88"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Хьажоригаш</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%D0%A5%D0%9C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=1" title="Нисде даакъа: Ахчан суьрташ">нисйé</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.90.D1.85.D1.87.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D1.81.D1.83.D1.8C.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.88">Ахчан суьрташ</span></h2>
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10 эзар доллар</div>
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100 эзар доллар</div>
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<a href="tel://100000/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 100 000">100 000</a> доллар</div>
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1996 шарлера. 100 доллар</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5l%D1%83%D0%BC:Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg/120px-Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
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50 доллар</div>
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<div style="margin: 49px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5l%D1%83%D0%BC:US20-front.jpg"><img alt="" height="52" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/120px-US20-front.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
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20 доллар</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5l%D1%83%D0%BC:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/120px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
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10 доллар</div>
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</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5l%D1%83%D0%BC:US_$5_Series_2006_obverse.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg/120px-US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
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<div class="gallerytext">
5 доллар</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5l%D1%83%D0%BC:New100front.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/New100front.jpg/120px-New100front.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
100 доллар</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5l%D1%83%D0%BC:New100back.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/New100back.jpg/120px-New100back.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
100 доллар</div>
</div>
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</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-69259711000791731012012-01-31T15:56:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:23:41.519-08:00Dòlar dels Estats UnitsEl <b>dòlar dels Estats Units</b> (en <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès">anglès</a> <i>United States dollar</i>, <i>U.S. dollar</i> o, simplement, <i>dollar</i>), també conegut com a <b>dòlar nord-americà</b>, <b>dòlar americà</b>, <b>dòlar EUA</b> o <b>dòlar USA</b>, és la <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitat_monet%C3%A0ria" title="Unitat monetària">unitat monetària</a> oficial dels <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_Units" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a> des de <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>. De l'emissió del dòlar se n'encarrega la <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_la_Reserva_Federal" title="Sistema de la Reserva Federal">Reserva Federal</a> (en anglès, <i>Federal Reserve</i>).<br />
El símbol utilitzat és <b>$</b>, encara que el <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMI" title="FMI">Fons Monetari Internacional</a> també fa servir <b>US$</b>. El codi <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a> del dòlar és <b>USD</b>.<br />
El dòlar dels Estats Units també és utilitzat en altres països com a moneda oficial: l'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equador" title="Equador">Equador</a>, <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, les <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_BES" title="Illes BES">illes BES</a>, les <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_Turks_i_Caicos" title="Illes Turks i Caicos">illes Turks i Caicos</a>, les <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_Verges_Brit%C3%A0niques" title="Illes Verges Britàniques">illes Verges Britàniques</a> i <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A0" title="Panamà">Panamà</a> a <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica" title="Amèrica">Amèrica</a>, <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Oriental" title="Timor Oriental">Timor Oriental</a> a l'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">Àsia</a>, <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> a l'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80frica" title="Àfrica">Àfrica</a> i a les antigues dependències <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">oceàniques</a> de les <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_Marshall" title="Illes Marshall">Illes Marshall</a>, els <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_Federats_de_Micron%C3%A8sia" title="Estats Federats de Micronèsia">Estats Federats de Micronèsia</a> i <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Palau" title="República de Palau">Palau</a>. És també la mesura estandarditzada per a la cotització de l'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or" title="Or">or</a> i del <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroli" title="Petroli">petroli</a>.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Taula de continguts</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#" id="togglelink">amaga</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Hist.C3.B2ria"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Història</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#El_s.C3.ADmbol_del_d.C3.B2lar"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">El símbol del dòlar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Monedes_i_bitllets"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Monedes i bitllets</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Monedes"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Monedes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Bitllets"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bitllets</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Actuals"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Actuals</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Fora_de_circulaci.C3.B3"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Fora de circulació</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Taxes_de_canvi"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Taxes de canvi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Vegeu també</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units#Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Enllaços externs</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història">modifica</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Hist.C3.B2ria">Història</span></h2>
El terme <i>dòlar</i> s'usava per referir-se a les monedes espanyoles
que circulaven per les colònies americanes abans que aquestes
assolissin la independència. Com a moneda oficial dels nous EUA va ser
aprovada el <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>, essent l'única <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitat_monet%C3%A0ria" title="Unitat monetària">unitat monetària</a> acceptada al país des de <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>. Els primers dòlars es feien d'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or" title="Or">or</a> i <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata" title="Plata">plata</a>, però en va anar baixant la proporció a mesura que els preus dels metalls preciosos fluctuaven i s'encarien.<br />
Amb el nom de <i>Spanish dollar</i> ('dòlar espanyol') es coneixia una moneda <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">espanyola</a> de plata, el <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peso" title="Peso">peso</a>, amb el valor de vuit <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ral" title="Ral">rals</a>, que va tenir una àmplia circulació durant el <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_XVIII" title="Segle XVIII">segle XVIII</a> a les <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">colònies</a> <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">espanyoles</a> del <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica" title="Amèrica">Nou Món</a>. L'ús d'aquest dòlar espanyol i del <a class="new" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0ler_de_Maria_Teresa&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tàler de Maria Teresa (encara no existeix)">tàler de Maria Teresa</a> com a monedes de curs legal als primerencs <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d'Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a> és la raó per la qual la moneda nacional nord-americana es va anomenar així. La paraula <i>dollar</i> per designar el tàler, en <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès">anglès</a> ja s'usava si fa no fa uns 200 anys abans de la <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_d%27Independ%C3%A8ncia_dels_Estats_Units" title="Guerra d'Independència dels Estats Units">Guerra d'Independència</a>. Els dòlars espanyols, o <i>pieces of eight</i> («peces de vuit») com se'n deia vulgarment, estigueren en circulació a les tretze colònies <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">britàniques</a> que esdevindrien els Estats Units, i van tenir <a class="new" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moneda_de_curs_legal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Moneda de curs legal (encara no existeix)">curs legal</a> a <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virg%C3%ADnia" title="Virgínia">Virgínia</a>.<br />
Com a moneda, el dòlar fou inicialment una còpia de la <i>piastra fuerte</i> espanyola, correntment anomenada <i><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duro" title="Duro">duro</a></i>. El <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a> es definí el seu pes en 23,3 grams d'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata" title="Plata">argent</a>; posteriorment, el <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>, amb l'adopció del model bimetal·lista, es redefiní i fou fixat en 24,06 grams d'argent o 1.603,8 mil·ligrams d'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or" title="Or">or</a>. La relació de la moneda envers el seu pes en or es modificà el <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>, a causa de l'escassetat que hi havia d'aquest metall, i es fixà en 1.504,656 mg d'or. Més endavant, l'any <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>, es retornà al sistema monometal·lista i el dòlar fou definit només en relació amb l'or. L'any <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>, el dòlar tornà a patir una devaluació i el seu pes en or fou reduït a 888,6706 mg.<br />
El <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>, en virtut dels <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acords_de_Bretton_Woods" title="Acords de Bretton Woods">acords de Bretton Woods</a>, el dòlar fou definit com a <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda_de_reserva" title="Moneda de reserva">moneda de reserva</a> i doblement convertible, en or o en qualsevol altra moneda.<br />
El març del <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>, la convertibilitat en or fou reservada als bancs centrals, i l'agost del <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> els <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_Units" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a>
retiraren el seu compromís de convertibilitat en or del dòlar. Des
d'aleshores la definició en or i les devaluacions posteriors del dòlar
han esdevingut teòriques en comunicar-les al <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fons_Monetari_Internacional" title="Fons Monetari Internacional">Fons Monetari Internacional</a>, respecte als <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drets_especials_de_gir" title="Drets especials de gir">drets especials de gir</a>.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: El símbol del dòlar">modifica</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="El_s.C3.ADmbol_del_d.C3.B2lar">El símbol del dòlar</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:Dollar_Symbol_Evolution.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="124" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Dollar_Symbol_Evolution.jpg/220px-Dollar_Symbol_Evolution.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
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<a class="internal" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:Dollar_Symbol_Evolution.jpg" title="Amplia"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Evolució del símbol del dòlar</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 92px;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="90" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/90px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png" width="90" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg" title="Amplia"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Les cintes vermelles sobre les columnes d'Hèrcules formen el símbol de $</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:E_PLURIBUS_UNUM.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="149" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/E_PLURIBUS_UNUM.jpg/150px-E_PLURIBUS_UNUM.jpg" width="150" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:E_PLURIBUS_UNUM.jpg" title="Amplia"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Revers de la moneda de mig dòlar</div>
</div>
</div>
Hi ha moltes teories sobre l'origen del símbol del dòlar. D'acord amb l'<i>U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing</i>, l'Oficina de Gravat i Impressió dels Estats Units, té l'origen en el símbol del <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peso_mexic%C3%A0" title="Peso mexicà">peso mexicà</a>, <b>P<sup>s</sup></b>, que va evolucionar a <b>$</b>. Aquest símbol ja era utilitzat abans de la creació del dòlar nord-americà el <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>. Una altra teoria suggereix que les lletres <b>U</b> i <b>S</b>
van evolucionar al símbol $ amb dues línies verticals (la U) damunt la
S. Una tercera teoria suggereix que el símbol va sorgir de les <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnes_d%27H%C3%A8rcules" title="Columnes d'Hèrcules">Columnes d'Hèrcules</a> de l'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escut_d%27Espanya" title="Escut d'Espanya">escut d'Espanya</a>, ja que les monedes fabricades a la <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Espanya" title="Nova Espanya">Nova Espanya</a> i, després, a la resta de les colònies <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">espanyoles</a> portaven aquest símbol des del temps del rei <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carles_V_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Carles V del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic">Carles V</a>.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Monedes i bitllets">modifica</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Monedes_i_bitllets">Monedes i bitllets</span></h2>
El dòlar està dividit en 100 <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8ntim" title="Cèntim">cèntims</a> (<i>cents</i>) i el seu símbol és <b>¢</b>. Actualment les fraccions menors al dòlar són emeses en monedes que reben diferents noms:<br />
<ul>
<li><i>penny</i> o <i>cent</i>: 1 ¢, amb l'efígie d'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>;</li>
<li><i>nickel</i>: 5 ¢, amb l'efígie de <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>;</li>
<li><i>dime</i>: 10 ¢, amb l'efígie de <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>;</li>
<li><i>quarter</i>: 25 ¢, amb l'efígie de <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>.</li>
</ul>
També hi ha monedes de 50 ¢ (amb l'efígie de <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy">John Fitzgerald Kennedy</a>) i de dòlar, però no són gaire utilitzades en les transaccions comercials.<br />
Les emissions en bitllet són d'1, 5, 10, 20, 50 i 100 $. Anteriorment
hi va haver bitllets de 1.000 $ i de valors superiors. Els bitllets
porten impreses les efígies dels presidents <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a>, <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a> i <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a> als valors més baixos; la d'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> als bitllets de 10 $, la d'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> als de 20 $, la d'<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> als de 50 $ i la de <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> als de 100 $.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Monedes">modifica</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Monedes">Monedes</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Valor (en $)</th>
<th>Efígie</th>
<th>Revers</th>
<th>Mostra</th>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>0,01 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_a_Lincoln" title="Monument a Lincoln">Monument a Lincoln</a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:United_States_penny,_obverse,_2002.png"><img alt="United States penny, obverse, 2002.png" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/100px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" width="100" /></a><a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:United_States_penny,_reverse.jpg"><img alt="United States penny, reverse.jpg" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/United_States_penny%2C_reverse.jpg/100px-United_States_penny%2C_reverse.jpg" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>0,05 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monticello_%28Virg%C3%ADnia%29" title="Monticello (Virgínia)">Monticello</a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:2006_Nickel_Proof_Obv.png"><img alt="2006 Nickel Proof Obv.png" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/2006_Nickel_Proof_Obv.png/100px-2006_Nickel_Proof_Obv.png" width="100" /></a> <a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:2006_Nickel_Proof_Rev.png"><img alt="2006 Nickel Proof Rev.png" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/2006_Nickel_Proof_Rev.png/100px-2006_Nickel_Proof_Rev.png" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>0,10 $</td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:United_States_dime,_obverse,_2002.jpg"><img alt="United States dime, obverse, 2002.jpg" height="101" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/United_States_dime%2C_obverse%2C_2002.jpg/100px-United_States_dime%2C_obverse%2C_2002.jpg" width="100" /></a> <a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:United_States_dime,_reverse.jpg"><img alt="United States dime, reverse.jpg" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/United_States_dime%2C_reverse.jpg/100px-United_States_dime%2C_reverse.jpg" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>0,25 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Segell_dels_Estats_Units" title="Gran Segell dels Estats Units">Gran Segell dels Estats Units</a><br />
<small>(<a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_quarters" title="commons:Category:United States quarters">altres versions</a>)</small></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:USA_25_cents.JPG"><img alt="USA 25 cents.JPG" height="103" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/USA_25_cents.JPG/200px-USA_25_cents.JPG" width="200" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>0,50 $</td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Segell_dels_Estats_Units" title="Gran Segell dels Estats Units">Gran Segell dels Estats Units</a><br />
<small>(<a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:Kennedy200coinback.jpg" title="commons:Fitxer:Kennedy200coinback.jpg">una altra versió</a>)</small></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png"><img alt="2005 Half Dollar Obv Unc P.png" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png/100px-2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png" width="100" /></a> <a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png"><img alt="2005 Half Dollar Rev Unc P.png" height="99" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png/100px-2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>1 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacajawea" title="Sacajawea">Sacajawea</a><br />
<small>(<a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:James_Madison_Presidential_$1_Coin_obverse.png" title="commons:Fitxer:James Madison Presidential $1 Coin obverse.png">una altra versió</a>)</small></td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80guila" title="Àguila">Àguila</a><br />
<small>(<a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:LineartPresRev.png" title="commons:Fitxer:LineartPresRev.png">una altra versió</a>)</small></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png"><img alt="2003 Sacagawea Rev.png" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png/100px-2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png" width="100" /></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Bitllets">modifica</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Bitllets">Bitllets</span></h3>
<h4>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Actuals">modifica</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Actuals">Actuals</span></h4>
<table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Valor (en $)</th>
<th>Efígie</th>
<th>Mostra</th>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>1 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg" height="131" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/300px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>2 $<br />
(rarament utilitzats)</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:US_$2_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $2 obverse.jpg" height="126" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/300px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>5 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:US_$5_Series_2006_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $5 Series 2006 obverse.jpg" height="126" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg/300px-US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>10 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg"><img alt="US10dollarbill-Series 2004A.jpg" height="127" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/300px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>20 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:US20-front.jpg"><img alt="US20-front.jpg" height="131" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/300px-US20-front.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>50 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg"><img alt="Series2004NoteFront 50.jpg" height="128" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg/300px-Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>100 $</td>
<td><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:New100front.jpg"><img alt="New100front.jpg" height="127" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/New100front.jpg/300px-New100front.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Fora de circulació">modifica</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Fora_de_circulaci.C3.B3">Fora de circulació</span></h4>
Els bitllets indicats a la taula anterior són els bitlles de dòlar
que s'emeten avui en dia; això no obstant, durant un període de temps se
n'emeteren d'un valor més elevat. Aquests bitllets foren freqüents des
dels inicis del govern dels Estats Units: l'any <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> s'emeteren pagarés meritoris d'interessos per valor de 500$, 1.000$ i 5.000$; el <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a> s'emeteren certificats d'or per valor de 10.000 dòlars.<br />
El <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> i <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>,
juntament amb els bitllets dels valors normals d'1 a 100 dòlars, se'n
van emetre també de valors alts, amb la mateixa mida i característiques
de les emissions habituals. Així, hi va haver els següents bitllets:<br />
<ul>
<li>500 $: <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>, segons l'estàndard de 1929, equivalent a 6.375,24 dòlars actuals.</li>
<li>1.000 $: <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>, segons l'estàndard de 1929, equivalent a 12.750,49 dòlars actuals.</li>
<li>5.000 $: <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>, segons l'estàndard de 1929, equivalent a 63.752,44 dòlars actuals.</li>
<li>10.000 $: <a class="new" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Salmon P. Chase (encara no existeix)">Salmon P. Chase</a>, segons l'estàndard de 1929, equivalent a 127.504,87 dòlars actuals.</li>
<li>100.000 $: <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, segons l'estàndard de 1934, equivalent a 1.631.172,07 dòlars actuals.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<center>
<ul class="gallery">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg/120px-US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
100.000 $ de 1934</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg"><img alt="" height="52" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg/120px-US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
100.000 $ de 1934</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 50px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:10000-1f.jpg"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/10000-1f.jpg/120px-10000-1f.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
10.000 $ de 1918</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 52.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:10000-1b.jpg"><img alt="" height="45" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/10000-1b.jpg/120px-10000-1b.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
10.000 $ de 1918</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:5000f.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/5000f.jpg/120px-5000f.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
5.000 $ de 1918</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 52.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:5000b.jpg"><img alt="" height="45" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/5000b.jpg/120px-5000b.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
5.000 $ de 1918</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:1000-2f.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1000-2f.jpg/120px-1000-2f.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
1.000 $ de 1928</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 50px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:1000-2b.jpg"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1000-2b.jpg/120px-1000-2b.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
1.000 $ de 1928</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:500-2f.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/500-2f.jpg/120px-500-2f.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
500 $ de 1928</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;">
<div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 49.5px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitxer:500-2b.jpg"><img alt="" height="51" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/500-2b.jpg/120px-500-2b.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
500 $ de 1928</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</center>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-74491719850653269132012-01-31T15:55:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:23:54.356-08:00Američki dolar<b>Dolar</b> (The United States Dollar) je zvanična valuta <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">Sjedinjenih Američkih Država</a>
(u daljem tekstu Sjedinjene Države ili U.S.). Također je rasprostranjen
kao rezervna valuta u nekim drugim zemljama u svijetu. Trenutno
izdavanje dolara kontrolišu Federalne Rezerve (Federal Reserve Banking
system). Simbol koji je najčešće u upotrebi za američki dolar je znak
dolara ($). ISO 4217 kod za američki dolar je USD; američki dolar je
također označen kao US $ od strane Međunarodnog monetarnog fonda. U
1995. godini preko 380 milijardi dolara u američkoj valuti je u
upotrebi, od toga dvije trećine van Sjedinjenih Država. A od aprila
2004. godine gotovo 700 milijardi dolara je u opticaju i to još uvijek
dvije trećine van Amerike. Sjedinjene Države su jedna od nekoliko
zemalja koje koriste naziv dolar za svoju valutu. Nekoliko zemalja
koriste američki dolar kao svoju zvaničnu valutu, a u mnogima se dolar
upotrebljava kao dozvoljeno sredstvo plaćanja. Amerikanci često koriste i
riječ bak (buck) za dolar. Ovaj termin je nastao prilikom trgovine
kožama u kolonijalno doba. Grand (u prevodu veliki, najvažniji), nekada u
obliku skraćenice g, je uobičajeni izraz za iznos od 1000 od više
valuta u svijetu, pa tako i za američki dolar.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Sadržaj</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#" id="togglelink">sakrij</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Podjela"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Podjela</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#U.S._nov.C4.8Di.C4.87i_ili_kovanice"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">U.S. novčići ili kovanice</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Mane_U.S._nov.C4.8Di.C4.87a"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Mane U.S. novčića</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Historija"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Historija</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Bimetalizam"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bimetalizam</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Zlatni_standard"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Zlatni standard</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Dekretni_novac.2A"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Dekretni novac*</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Zelemba.C4.87i"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Zelembaći</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Mane_dolarskih_nov.C4.8Danica"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Mane dolarskih novčanica</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Internacionalna_upotreba"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Internacionalna upotreba</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Porijeklo_imena_dolar"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Porijeklo imena dolar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar#Simbol_dolara"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Simbol dolara</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Podjela">Podjela</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi sekciju: Podjela">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
Američki Dolar se sastoji od 100 centi (cents, simbol-¢). Američki Dolar se dalje dijeli na:<br />
<b>Kovanice</b> (coins):<br />
<ul>
<li>nikl (nickle) = 5 centi,</li>
<li>daim (dime) = 10 centi,</li>
<li>kvoter (quater, tj. četvrt dolara) = 25 centa,</li>
<li>dolar kovanica (dollar coin) = 1 dollar</li>
</ul>
<b>Novčanice</b> (bills):<br />
<ul>
<li>1 dolar</li>
<li>2 dolara (vrlo rijedak ali još uvijek u opticaju)</li>
<li>5 dolara</li>
<li>10 dolara</li>
<li>20 dolara</li>
<li>50 dolara</li>
<li>100 dolara</li>
</ul>
Ostale podjele dolara su na 1000 mila (milles); a pored toga postojao
je naziv orao (eagle) za novčanicu od deset dolara. Međutim samo su
centi u svakodnevnoj upotrebi kao dijelovi dolara; "dime" se odnose na
novčić iste denominacije (10 centi), a "orao" i "mila" su nepoznati
većini Amerikanaca; mada se mile ponekad spominju prilikom obračunavanja
poreza. Kod novca koji je trenutno u opticaju, denominacije vrijednosti
jednog dolara ili manje se emituju kao U.S. novčići (U.S. coins), dok
se denominacije jednake ili vece vrijednosti od jednog dolara emituju
kao novčanice Federalnih rezervi (Federal Reserve notes). (I novčić i
novčanica od jednog dolara su danas u opticaju, ali se nešto više
koristi novčanica.) U prošlosti papirne novčanice su povremeno izdavane i
za vrijednosti manje od dolara (frakciona valuta– fractional currency,
dok su zlatni novčići znali biti upotrebljavani i za vrijednosti od 20
dolara. U.S. novčići su proizvedeni od strane Kovnice Sjedinjenih Drzava
(U.S. Mint). U.S. novčanice se printaju Birou za graviranje i printanje
(Bureau of Engraving and Printing) za Federalne rezerve, jos od 1914.
godine. U početku su to bile novčanice velikih dimenzija. Od 1928.
počeli su ih printati kao novčanice malih dimenzija iz razloga koje ćemo
navesti nešto kasnije.<br />
Novčanice vrijednosti preko 100$ su se prestale printati od 1946.
godine, a zvanično su povučene iz opticaja 1969. godine. One su uglavnom
bile korištene ili u međubankarskim transakcijama ili od strane
organizovanog kriminala. I posljednja njihova upotreba je zaustavljena
naredbom Predsjednika Ričarda Niksona (<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>)
godine 1969. Sa prednostima koje pruža elektronsko bankarstvo prestale
su biti neophodne. Novčanice u vrijednosti od 500$, 1000$ , 5000$, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6880620393932815061" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 10000">10000</a>$ i <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6880620393932815061" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 100000">100000</a> $ su sve bile proizvedene u jedno vrijeme.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._nov.C4.8Di.C4.87i_ili_kovanice">U.S. novčići ili kovanice</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi sekciju: U.S. novčići ili kovanice">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
U normalnoj upotrebi su novčići denominacije 1¢ (penny), 5¢ (nickel),
10¢ (dime), 25¢ (quarter), 50¢ (pola dolara, rjeđe se koristi), i $1
(rjeđe se koristi). Novčanice su denominacije $1, $2 (rjeđe se koristi),
$5, $10, $20, $50, i $100. Dolarski novčići nikada nisu bili naročito
popularni u Sjedinjenim Državama. Srebrni dolar se koristio od 1794. pa
sve do 1935. godine uz par kraćih perioda nekorištenja; niklo-bakarni
dolar iste veličine kao prethodni kovan je u periodu <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6880620393932815061" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1971-1978">1971-1978</a>.
Dolarski novčić Entoni Suzan (Susan B. Anthony) je predstavljen u 1979.
godini. Pokazao se kao nepopularan jer je često bio brkan sa novčićem
od 25¢, zbog približne veličine, izglodane ivice i slične boje. Kovanje
ovog novčića je brzo obustavljeno, ali je, kao i svi prethodni U.S.
novčići, ostao u upotrebi kao zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja. U 2000. godini
novi novčić od $1 sa likom Sacagawea je predstavljen, i na ovom novčiću
su ispravljene neke od grešaka Entonijinih dolara, pa su tako novčići
dobili glatke ivice i zlatnu boju. Kako god ni ovaj novčić nije uspio
dostići popularnost novčanice od $1 i rijetko se koristi. Bacimo li
pogled u prošlost, vidjećemo da su Sjedinjene Države kovale i novčiće
drugih denominacija od 1793. godine. 0,5¢, 2¢, 3¢, 20¢, zatim $2.50,
$3.00, $5.00, $10.00, i $20.00. Tehnički ovi novčići se još uvijek mogu
koristiti kao legalno sredstvo plaćanja u nominalnom iznosu (iznosu koji
je naznačen na samom novčiću), ali oni ipak vrijede mnogo više onima
koji se bave numizmatikom (sakupljanjem novčića).<br />
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<a class="image" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datoteka:1855-O_Half_Eagle.jpg&filetimestamp=20051001033801"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="141" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/1855-O_Half_Eagle.jpg/250px-1855-O_Half_Eagle.jpg" width="250" /></a>
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Novčići iz 1855. godine</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Mane_U.S._nov.C4.8Di.C4.87a">Mane U.S. novčića</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi sekciju: Mane U.S. novčića">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
Za razliku od većine valuta vrijednost na U.S. novčićima nije
ispisana brojem. Umjesto toga vrijednost je napisana engleskim riječima,
što predstavlja potencijalni problem za strane posjetioce koji lošije
govore engleski. Pored toga ovi natpisi ne slijede pravilno obrazac
opisa vrijednosti u centima. Poslije "jednog centa" i "pet centi" dolazi
"jedan dajm" (vrijedi 10 centi), "četvrt dolara" (25 centi), i "pola
dolara" (neuobičajeno ali se javlja, vrijedi 50 centi). Ovo sve
zahtijeva poznavanje ovih pojmova. Posjetioci generalno moraju naučiti i
kolokvijalne nazive penija, niklenog (novčića od 5 centi) i četvrtine.
Iz istorijskih razloga, veličina ovih novčića ne raste u skladu s
porastom njihove vrijednosti. I jedan cent (peni), i pet centi (nickel),
su veći od novčića od deset centi (dajm), a novčić od pola dolara je
veći od trenutnih novčića vrijednosti jednog dolara (onih sa likom
Entoni Suzan i likom Sacagawea).<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Historija">Historija</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi sekciju: Historija">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
Dolar je jednoglasno izabran za valutu Sjedinjenih Država <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/6._juli" title="6. juli">6. jula</a> <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>. godine. Ovo je bilo prvi put da je nacija prihvatila decimalni sistem valute. Do <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>. godine vrijednost U.S. dolara je povezivana sa zlatom, srebrom, ili kombinacijom ovo dvoje. Od <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>. do <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>. U.S. dolar je bio slobodno vezan za oboje i <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlato</a> i <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebro</a>, i to u odnosu ovo dvoje od 15:1, u sistemu poznatijem kao bimetalizam. Kroz više zakonskih izmjena od <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>. do <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>. srebro je gubilo na značaju, sve dok <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>. godine kada je formalno usvojen zlatni standard. Zlatni standard, uz par izmjena, opstao je do <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>. godine.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Bimetalizam">Bimetalizam</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi sekciju: Bimetalizam">uredi</a>]</span></h3>
Zakon Sjedinjenih Država o kovanju novca iz 1792. godine uspostavio
je Kovnicu Sjedinjenih Država i postavio sljedeću definiciju dolara
(slijedi približan prijevod). Dolari ili jedinice – svaki pojedinačno će
da budu vrijednosti Španskog dolara, i sadržavaće 24,06 grama čistog,
ili 26,96 grama standardnog srebra.<br />
Također je određen kurs po kojem će se razmjenjivati čisto srebro i
čisto zlato i on je iznosio 15:1. Prema tome vrijednost dolara je bila
definisana kao količina od 24,06 grama čistog srebra, ili 1,6 grama
čistog zlata i sam novac je mogao biti razmijenjen u kovnici ili za
srebro, ili za zlato, i to u odnosu od 15:1. Ovaj standard, poznatiji
kao bimetalizam, bio je na snazi kroz veći dio 19-tog vijeka.<br />
U 1834. godini usljed pada vrijednosti srebra odnos od 15:1 je
promijenjen na odnos 16:1. Ovo je dovelo do toga da je novi U.S. dolar
imao podlogu od 1,5 grama zlata, dok je prethodni kurs iznosio 1,6 grama
za dolar. Ova promjena vrijednosti je izazvala devalvaciju dolara, prvu
u istoriji, i smanjila je njegovu vrijednost podloge u zlatu za oko 6%.<br />
Otkriće velikih nalazišta rude srebra u Zapadnim U.S. krajem 19.
vijeka, izazvalo je političke kontroverze. S jedne strane su stajali
interesi zemljoradnika čije stavove je zastupala U.S. Greenback Party
(Partija Zelene pozadine – doslovno prevedeno). Oni su se zalagali za
zadržavanje bimetalizma, uz inflaciju, što bi olakšalo vraćanje dugova
zemljoradnicima. Na drugoj strani bili su bankarski i komercijalni
interesi iz istočnih dijelova U.S. koji su se zalagali za jaki novac i
prelazak na zlatni standard. Ova debata podijelila je Demokratsku
Stranku u 1896. Dovela je i do čuvenog "prelaz na zlato" govor koji je
održao William Jennings Bryan, gde je izjavio na jednoj Demokrackoj
konvenciju u Čikagu ("Necemo dozvoliti da nas razapnu na krst od zlata")
i koji je, moguće, inspirisao mnoge dijelove Čarobnjaka iz Oza.<br />
1878. godine donesen je Bland-Allison zakon da obezbijedi slobodno
kovanje srebra. Ovaj zakon zahtijevao je od vlade da mjesečno obezbijedi
srebrnih poluga u vrijednosti između 2 i 4 miliona dolara, po tržišnim
cijenama, i da od tog srebra iskuje srebrne dolare. Ovo je, ustvari, bio
poticaj za politički uticajne proizvođače srebra.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Zlatni_standard">Zlatni standard</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi sekciju: Zlatni standard">uredi</a>]</span></h3>
Bimetalizam, kao standard, postojao je do <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/14._mart" title="14. mart">14. marta</a> <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>.
godine, kada je donesen Zakon o zlatnom standardu koji je određivao da
će dolarska vrijednost iznositi 1,67 grama zlata, i da će to biti
standardna jedinica vrijednosti, a da će sve novčanice ili novčići
izdavani od strane Sjedinjenih Država održavati vrijednost ovog tečaja.<br />
Ovo je uvelo Sjedinjene Države u doba zlatnog standarda, napravilo
zlato jedinim legalnim sredstvom obračuna vrijednosti novca i postavilo
vrijednost dolara na $20,67 za uncu zlata. Ovo je dalo mogućnost zamjene
dolara u iznosu od $1,5 (otprilike) za jedan gram zlata – istu
mogućnost zamjene koju je dolar imao i u bimetalizmu.<br />
Za vrijeme perioda poznatog kao Velika depresija, predsjednik <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>
promijenio je vrijednost dolara i tada se dolar mogao zamijeniti u
iznosu od $1,125 za gram zlata. To je predstavljalo pad vrijednosti
dolara, i on je, odlukom vlade, bio devalviran za gotovo 41%. <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>.
dolarska novčanica je identifikovana kao "Novčanica Sjedinjenih Država"
i na njoj je stajalo odštampano "Plaća se donosiocu po zahtjevu", što
ne stoji na današnjim novčanicama.<br />
Poslije Drugog svjetskog rata <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods" title="Bretton Woods">Bretton Woods</a>
ugovorom određeno je da će vrijednost svih ostalih valuta biti mjerena
vrijednošću U.S. dolara, i tako su i ostale valute indirektno povezane
sa zlatnim standardom. Pokušaji američke vlade da održi oboje, utvrđenu
vrijednost dolara prema zlatu, kao i razmjenjivost dolara s drugim
valutama, stvorili su pritiske na trgovinu i ekonomiju. Do ranih
šezdesetih pritisci su postajali sve veći, i sve je teže bilo održavati
taj sistem.<br />
U martu <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>.
godine pokušaji da se održi propisana cijena zlata na slobodnom
tržištu, napušteni su. Počeo je dvoredni sistem. U ovom sistemu sve
transakcije zlata centralnih banaka bile su izolovane od slobodnih
tržišnih cijena. Centralne banke mogle su trgovati međusobno zlatom po
dotadašnjoj propisanoj cijeni, ali nisu smjele trgovati na slobodnom
tržištu. Na slobodnom tržištu moglo se trgovati prema važećim realnim
cijenama (cijenama koje su se određivale ponudom i potražnjom), i ne bi
se intervenisalo protiv toga. Cijene na tržištu su odmah skočile na
$1,383 za gram zlata (1,383 $/g). Cijene su se potkraj <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>.
godine nakratko vratile na staro, da bi ubrzo nakon toga cijena zlata
započela postojani rast. Ova cijena plafon je dostigla krajem <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>.
godine (2,29 $/g). Do tog vremena pojavile su se i slobodne kursne
liste po kojima se zlato razmjenjivalo i van slobodnog tržišta, što je
de facto ukazivalo na prestanak važenja Bretton Woods ugovora. Dvoredni
sistem je napušten u novembru 1973. godine. Do tada cijena zlata je
narasla na (3,22 $/g).<br />
U ranim sedamdesetim, inflacija izazvana rastućim cijenama uvoznih
dobara, naročito nafte, i povećana budžetska potrošnja zbog vijetnamskog
rata, a koja nije praćena odgovarajućim rezovima troškova u drugim
oblastima, kombinovana sa trgovinskim deficitom, dovela je do toga da je
dolar vrijedio manje nego zlato koje mu je služilo kao podloga.<br />
U 1972. godini Sjedinjene Države su odredile vrijednost dolara od
$1,22 po gramu zlata. Zato što su druge valute vrednovane preko U.S.
dolara, ovo je stvorilo zabunu i neke poremećaje na tržištu valuta. Od <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>.
godine Sjedinjene države su pustile da se vrijednost dolara odredi na
slobodnom tržištu. S ovim potezom vrijednost dolara je po prvi put u
historiji određivana slobodnim kursom.<br />
Iznenadni skok cijene zlata, nakon što su centralne banke odustale od
njegovog kontrolisanja, signalizirao je gubitak povjerenja u dolar. U
odsustvu garantovane vrijednosti dolara u odnosu na zlato, investitori
su odlučili pokloniti povjerenje zlatu. Posljedica toga je da je cijena
zlata rasla s 1.125 $/g u 1969. godini na čak 29$/g u 1980. godini.<br />
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Grafikon kretanja vrijednosti dolara</div>
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Ubrzo nakon što je, u ranim sedamdesetim, cijena zlata počela sa svojim rastom, cijene drugih dobara kao što je <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafta</a>
također su počele da rastu. Dok su cijene drugih dobara bile prilično
nestalne i promjenjive, odnos između cijena nafte i zlata ostao je
uglavnom sličan u devedesetim, kao što je to bio u šezdesetim,
sedamdesetim i osamdesetim.<br />
Bojeći se pojave ekonomije bazirane na novčićima sa zlatnom podlogom i
slobodnim određivanjem vrijednosti, odvojene od centralne banke, i sa
nadolazećom prijetnjom kolapsa U.S. dolara vlada Sjedinjenih Država
odobrila je nekoliko promjena u trgovini putem COMEX-a. Ove promjene
rezultirale su naglim padom opadanja obima trgovine plemenitim metalima
od 1980 naovamo.<br />
U septembru <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>. godine, američki sekretar finansija u administraciji predsjednika <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagana</a> <a class="new" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" title="James Baker (još nije napisano)">James Baker</a>, načinio je prijedlog za <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMF" title="MMF">MMF</a>
(Međunarodni monetarni fond) da se načini korpa roba (uključujući i
zlato) koja će služiti kao referentno mjerilo prilikom određivanja
vrijednosti svjetskih valuta. Međutim krah tržišta dionica u oktobru
1987. godine, praćen <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">iranskim</a> skandalom udaljio je administraciju od tih planova, i povoljan politički momenat je bio propušten. Maja <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. godine aktiva rezervi Sjedinjenih Država iznosila je $11,045,000,000 u zlatu (koje je vrjednovano 1.36 $/g).<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Dekretni_novac.2A">Dekretni novac*</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi sekciju: Dekretni novac*">uredi</a>]</span></h3>
(*Prijevod američke riječi fiat je naredba, dekret. "Fiat money"
predstavlja novac za koji se ne garantuje određena isplatna vrijednost,
kao što je to bilo ranije, već je taj novac određen kao sredstvo
plaćanja dekretom države ili odgovarajuće državne institucije, ali
država ne garantuje isplatu nominalne vrijednosti donosiocu. U ovom
tekstu ćemo ga označavati kao dekretni novac.)<br />
Danas je, kao i mnoge valute u svijetu, i dolar dekretni novac bez
ikakve unutrašnje vrijednosti i bez odgovarajuće pozadine u zlatu ili
košari roba odgovarajuće protivvrijednosti, ali ljudi su nagovoreni (ili
im je određeno) da ga koriste.<br />
Godine 1963. riječi "biće plaćeno donosiocu po zahtjevu" su povučene
sa svih novoštampanih novčanica. Zatim je 1968. godine zamjena starih
novčanica s tim natpisom za zlato ili srebro, zvanično okončana. Zakonom
o kovanicama iz 1965. godine uklonjeno je svo srebro iz novčića od
četvrt dolara i iz dajm-ova (novčića od 10 centi), koje su su bile do
90 %-tno od srebra. Ostala je zakonska odredba koja je dozvoljavala da
novčići sadrže do 40% srebra, ali je kasnije i ova odredba povučena, i
današnji novčići nemaju u sebi ni trun srebra.<br />
Važno je napomenuti da su sve novčanice izdate od 1861. godine
naovamo, priznate od vlade kao legalno sredstvo plaćanja u njihovoj
nominalnoj vrijednosti, iako nisu zamjenjive za zlato ili srebro, jer je
taj vid obaveze prestao važiti poslije 1968. godine. Neke od tih
novčanica imaju veoma visoku vrijednost za numizmatičare. Jedini
izuzetak od ovog pravila su novčanice od $10,000 isplative u zlatu,
serija 1900, koje su nenamjerno puštene u promet zbog požara 1935.
godine. Jedna kutija ovih novčanica je doslovno bačena kroz prozor. Za
ovaj set novčanica se ne računa da je u prometu, i ustvari računa se kao
ukradeno vlasništvo. Ipak čini se da vlada i nije previše zabrinuta
zbog njih, pošto su sve novčanice te vrijednosti otkazane i prema tome
van prometa. Njihova unutrašnja vrijednost je ništavna, a njihova
kolekcionarska vrijednost iznosi, prema gruboj procjeni, oko $1,000.<br />
Prema podacima Biroa za graviranje i printanje, od 31. jula 2000.
godine $539,890,223,079 ukupno je bilo u svjetskoj cirkulaciji, od čega
$364,724,397,100 vrijednosti u novčanicama od $100. Procjenjuje se da
kada bi, računajući od septembra 2004. godine, sve zlato koje drže
Sjedinjene Države (8 140 Mg – 8 140 tona) bilo ponovo upotrijebljeno kao
podloga za izdate novčanice dolara ($733,170,953,704) zlato trebalo
biti cijene od 90 $/g.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Zelemba.C4.87i">Zelembaći</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi sekciju: Zelembaći">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
Federalna vlada je za vrijema američkog građanskog rata počela s
izdavanjem novčanica, čija su podloga bili španski dolari. Kako
fotografska tehnika tog doba nije mogla raditi slike u boji, odlučeno je
da pozadina dolarske novčanice bude u nekoj boji (samo ne crnoj). Izbor
je pao na zelenu, pošto ona simbolizira stabilnost. Novčanice su
postale poznate kao "greenbacks" (u prijevodu nekih naših autora
zelembaći, tako da i ovdje koristimo taj prevod) zbog boje pozadine, a s
njima je započela tradicija da se američke novčanice štampaju sa
zelenom podlogom. Za razliku od mnogih drugih valuta, američke novčanice
uvijek se štampaju u istoj boji (crnoj sa zelenom pozadinom i zelenim
prelivima preko crne), ne računajući jedva primjetne prelive drugih boja
na novijim novčanicama od $20 i $50. Novčanice Federalnih rezervi su se
štampale u istoj boji veći dio 20-tog vijeka, iako starije novčanice
zvane srebrne imaju plave prelive naprijed, a "United States notes"
(novčanice Sjedinjenih Država) crvene prelive naprijed.<br />
Godine 1929. veličina novčanica je standardizovana (što je dovelo do
25%-tnog smanjenja njihove tadašnje veličine). Moderne U.S. novčanice,
bez obzira na denominaciju, široke su 66.3 mm, duge 156 mm, a debljina
im je 0.109 mm. Novčanica teži otprilike jedan gram, i troškovi njene
proizvodnje su oko 4,2 centa po komadu.<br />
Mikroprintanje, i sigurnosna nit uvedeni su u seriji 1991. Druga
serija, započeta 1996. godine, uvela je sljedeće novine: veći portret,
pomjeren iz centra, da bi se dobilo više mjesta za vodeni žig. Vodeni
žig, smješten desno od portreta, prikazuje istu sliku kao i portret.
Vidljiv je samo ako se zadrži pod svjetlom, i dugo je predstavljao jednu
od glavnih zaštitnih mjera većine glavnih valuta. Sigurnosna nit daje
crveni odsjaj pod ultraljubičastim svjetlom, i pozicionirana je drukčije
na novčanicama različitih denominacija. Tinta koja mijenja boju ako se
posmatra iz različitih uglova. Pojavljuje se na rednom broju u donjem
desnom uglu prednje strane novčanice. Mikroprintanje na rednom broju u
donjem lijevom uglu, kao i na kaputu <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamina Franklina</a>
(Bendžamin Frenklin). Printanje koncentrisanim finim linijama u
pozadini portreta i na zadnjem dijelu novčanice. Ovaj način printanja je
veoma teško kopirati.<br />
Novčanica od $50 iz juna 1997. sadrži veliki tamni broj sa svjetlijom
pozadinom sa zadnje strane novčanice, tako da olakša ljudima da
raspoznaju denominaciju. Novčanica od $20 iz 1998. sadržavala je nove
mogućnosti za mašinsko registrovanje, što je trebalo olakšati
registrovanje na skener uređajima. Sigurnosna nit svijetli zeleno pod
svjetlošću i "USA TWENTY" kao i zastava su otprintane na niti, dok je
broj 20 otprintan ispred polja sa zvijezdama na zastavi. Mikroprintanje
je izvedeno na donjem lijevom uglu slike, kao i na donjem lijevom uglu
prednjeg dijela novčanice. Kako je od 1998. godine novčanica od $20 bila
najviše falsifikovana od svih novčanica, od 13. maja 2003. godine,
Trezor je odlučio da će predstaviti nove boje na toj novčanici, što je
bilo po prvi put da novčanice sadrže drugu boju, osim crne ili zelene,
još od 1905. godine. Potez je bio više namijenjen suzbijanju
falsifikovanja, nego tome da poveća vizuelnu razliku između novčanica
različite denominacije. Glavne boje svih novčanica ipak su i dalje crna i
zelena, a druge boje su prisutne samo kao sporedne i to na manje važnim
elementima novčanice. Ovo predstavlja kontrast Euru i drugim valutama,
čije se novčanice različitih denominacija upadljivo razlikuju.<br />
Nove novčanice od $20 procirkulisale su 9. oktobra 2003. godine, a
nove $50 novčanice 28. septembra 2004. godine. Nove $10 novčanice će
biti predstavljene u 2005. godini, dok će one od $100 vjerovatno biti
redizajnirane, samo datum za to još nije određen. Svaka će imati dodatne
elemente drugih boja, s tim da će primarne ipak ostati zelena i crna.
Trezor najavljuje da će osavremenjavati novčanice i njihov dizajn svakih
7-10 godina, da bi se efikasnije suprotstavili falsifikatorskim
pokušajima.<br />
Neke od zaštitnih tehnika koje se upotrebljavaju danas su plave i
crvene zaštitne niti (pogledajte dolar izbliza), broj u donjem desnom
uglu mijenja boju iz zelene u zlatnu ako se posmatra pod drugim uglom, i
postojeći vodeni žig kojim je napisano US # (ovo # predstavlja bilo
koji broj), a mnoge novčanice sadrže sliku, rađenu vodenim žigom, koja
predstavlja neku historijsku ličnost. "Stabilnost ekonomije neke zemlje
moguća je samo ako imamo stabilnost njene valute. A da bi podržali
stabilnost naše valute ona mora biti prihvaćena kao legalno sredstvo
plaćanja i falsifikovanje se mora suzbiti." Ovo je rekao CEO (skraćenica
u engleskom jeziku za nekoga ko zauzima šefovsku ili direktorsku
poziciju, dakle izvršni menadžer) Federalnih Rezervi Alan Greenspan
(Alan Grinspen) na ceremoniji predstavljanja novog dizajna novčanice od
$20. Zadnji redizajn novčanice u bliskoj prošlosti desio se 1996.
godine.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Mane_dolarskih_nov.C4.8Danica">Mane dolarskih novčanica</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi sekciju: Mane dolarskih novčanica">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
Uprkos relativno kasno načinjenim izmjenama na dizajnu koje su za
cilj imale da spriječe falsifikovanje, kritičari kažu da je ono još
uvijek dosta lahko izvedivo. Mogućnost reproduciranja boja kod modernih
printera i njihova dostupnost svima značajno olakšavaju posao
falsifikatorima. Predlaže se uvođenje holografskih crta na novčanice,
kao što je urađeno kod većine drugih novčanica, npr. Kanadskog dolara,
švajcarskog franka, ili eura, i što bi bilo mnogo teže i skuplje
oponašati. Druga tehnika koja bi se mogla koristiti je razvijena u
Australiji i usvojilo je nekoliko zemalja, štampanje polimerskih
(plastičnih) novčanica.<br />
Doduše američki dolar i nije toliko ranjiv kao što je prema mišljenju
tih kritičara. Dvije najbitnije komponente novčanice papir i tinta
posebnog su sastava i pravljene su po specijalnim recepturama koje se
čuvaju kao tajna. Teksture koje taj papir i tinta u kombinaciji
proizvode, teške su za oponašati bez određene opreme i materijala. Dolar
opet ostaje dosta nesigurniji od drugih valuta, i dok u bankama postoje
uređaji koji su u stanju razlikovati pravu tintu i papir od lažnih, ta
sigurnost se gubi na nižim nivoima (u prodavnicama, na ulici i sl.).<br />
Neke druge kritike spominju to da je novčanice različitih
denominacija teško razlikovati, jer su sve istih dimenzija. Zastupnici
osoba sa slabim vidom i slijepih osoba predlažu da bi se na dizajnu
novčanica trebalo naći mjesta i za oznake na brajevom pismu, što bi
olakšalo raspoznavanje novčanica osobama oštećenog vida. Neke od takvih
osoba tvrde da dolare uspijevaju raspoznati po osjećaju, dok se drugi
oslanjaju na čitače novčanica.<br />
Većina drugih novčanica, kao euro, su različitih veličina i boja za
različite denominacije. To je korisno, i to ne samo slijepim osobama.
Tako se teško može desiti da se novčanica veće vrijednosti zamijeni za
onu manje vrijednosti, što se u Sjedinjenim Državama često dešava,
naročito turistima, pošto su oni manje upoznati sa detaljima koji čine
razliku između novčanica različitih vrijednosti.<br />
S druge strane mnoge valute drugih zemalja imaju neke zajedničke
osobine, koje nema U.S. dolar, a koje pomažu slijepima. Tako kanadski
dolar ima izbočene tačke na gornjem desnom dijelu novčanice, i njihov
broj zavisi od vrijednosti novčanice. Zatim različita veličina
novčanica, osim pomoći slijepima, pomaže i u borbi protiv jedne vrste
falsifikovanja, kojoj je U.S. dolar podložan. Falsifikatori mogu
jednostavno izbijeliti novčanicu manje denominacije (obično onu od
jednog dolara), i poslije je preštampati dodajući joj veću vrijednost
(obično 100 dolara). Kao protivudarac vlada Sjedinjenih Država predlaže
da se novčanice rade u dvije dimenzije. Tako bi novčanice od $1 i $5
bile za jedan inč (oko 2,5 cm) kraće u dužinu, i pola inča (oko1,25 cm)
kraće u visinu. Tako bi dobili dvije dimenzije novčanica za šest
denominacija. Ipak ovo dvodimenzionalno štampanje novčanica, umjesto
povećavanja dimenzije s povećanjem vrijednosti, ne bi doprinijelo tome
da slijepci bolje razlikuju novčanice.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Internacionalna_upotreba">Internacionalna upotreba</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi sekciju: Internacionalna upotreba">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
Nekoliko nacija osim Sjedinjenih Država koriste dolar kao svoju
zvaničnu valutu. Ekvador, El Salvador, i Istočni Timor su prihvatili
dolar kao svoju valutu, nezavisno jedni od drugih. Države bivše Američke
Teritorije Pacifičkih Ostrva, uključujući Palau, Sjedinjene Države
Mikronezije i <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C5%A1alska_Ostrva" title="Maršalska Ostrva">Maršalska Ostrva</a>,
se nisu odlučili za nezavisnu valutu nakon proglašenja nezavisnosti.
Pored toga valute Bahama, Bermuda, Paname i još nekih država se slobodno
mijenjaju u odnosu 1:1 za američki dolar. I <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> je bila postavila fiksni kurs 1:1 između dolara i svoje valute (pezosa) u periodu od 1991. do 2002. godine. I <a class="new" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong-Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hong-Kong (još nije napisano)">Hong-Kong</a> je ranih 1980-tih fiksirao odnos svoje valute i dolara, što je uradila i <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a> 1990-tih. <a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija">Malezija</a> je to formalno uradila 1997. godine.<br />
Dolar se koristi i kao standardna jedinica vrijednosti za neka dobra
kojima se trguje na svjetskim tržištima, poput nafte i zlata. A čak i
kompanije koje imaju malo direktnih dodira sa Sjedinjenim Državama,
poput evropskog Airbus-a (Eirbas-a), izlistavaju svoju ponudu i prodaju
svoje proizvode u dolarima.<br />
U sadašnjosti dolar je još uvijek najčešće korištena rezervna valuta,
najviše čuvana u novčanicama denominacije $100. Veći dio novčanica
dolara ustvari je u prometu van Sjedinjenih Država. Ugledni ekonomist <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_A_Samuelson" title="Paul A Samuelson">Paul A Samuelson</a>
objašnjava da tolika potražnja za dolarom, omogućava Sjedinjenim
Državama da i dalje održavaju veliki vanjskotrgovinski deficit, bez
potrebe da poduzimaju mjere kao što su obaranje vrijednosti valute, ili
ograničavanje uvoza.<br />
Nedugo nakon što je predstavljen euro (€; ISO 4217 kod EUR) i nakon
što je pušten u opticaj 2002. godine (jer je euro neko vrijeme prije
toga bio obračunavan na računima, ali novčanice nisu bile puštene u
promet), vrijednost dolara je započela svoj konstantni pad na svjetskoj
sceni. Nakon što je vrijednost eura počela da raste od marta 2002.
godine a deficit budžeta Sjedinjenih Država počeo se povećavati. Do
kraja 2004. godine dolar je pao na svoju najnižu vrijednost prama drugim
valutama, naročito prema novom rivalu euru. Euro je narastao na oko
$1.36 /€ (odnosno 0.74 €/$) po prvi put krajem decembra 2004. godine,
što je činilo veliku razliku u odnosu na njegovu nisku vrijednost iz
prvih mjeseci 2003 godine ($0.87/€).<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Porijeklo_imena_dolar">Porijeklo imena dolar</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi sekciju: Porijeklo imena dolar">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
Američki dolar je dobio ime po španskom dolaru (a ova riječ vuče
porijeklo od riječi talir). Španski dolar tog vremena, srebrni novčić,
bio je široko rasprostranjen u u Sjevernoj Americi za vrijeme Američke
revolucije. Iako su privatne banke izdavale valute kojima je podlogu
činio španski dolar, federalna vlada nije to činila sve do Američkog
građanskog rata.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Simbol_dolara">Simbol dolara</span> <span class="editsectionmoved" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">[<a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi sekciju: Simbol dolara">uredi</a>]</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datoteka:Dollar_Symbol_Evolution.jpg&filetimestamp=20051207203803"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="141" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Dollar_Symbol_Evolution.jpg/250px-Dollar_Symbol_Evolution.jpg" width="250" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datoteka:Dollar_Symbol_Evolution.jpg&filetimestamp=20051207203803" title="Uvećaj"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Evolucija simbola dolara</div>
</div>
</div>
Porijeklo simbola "$" objašnjavano je na različite načine. Najčešće
prihvaćena teorija, prema Birou za graviranje i printanje, je da je znak
rezultat prelaza od meksičkog ili španskog "P's", znaka za pezos, ili
pjasters, ili djelimični znak za osmicu. Teorija izvedena iz proučavanja
starih rukopisa objašnjava da je "S" postepeno počelo biti pisano preko
"P", čime se dobio znak koji je sličan današnjem "$". Bio je široko
korišten prije uvođenja američkog dolara 1785. godine. Simbol dolara sa
dvije vertikalne linije je povremeno u upotrebi. Ovim se pokušava
ojačati tvrdnja da su slova "U" i "S", simbol za Sjedinjene Država,
ustvari kreirala znak dolara, ali zagovornici te tvrdnje zaboravljaju da
je taj znak bio široko rasprostranjen još u doba dok su trinaest
kolonija bile u sastavu Britanije.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-81906766222079860832012-01-31T15:54:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:24:06.795-08:00Dollar stadunanatAn <b>dollar</b> amerikan, graet <b>dollar US</b> anezhañ a-wechoù (<a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">kod bank</a> <b>USD</b>), zo anezhañ <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unanenn_voneiz" title="Unanenn voneiz">unanenn voneiz</a> <a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stado%C3%B9-Unanet_Amerika" title="Stadoù-Unanet Amerika">Stadoù-Unanet Amerika</a>. Gouarnamantoù un nebeut broioù all a ra o moneiz ofisiel ha lezennel gantañ. Arouez an dollar US zo <b>$</b> pe <b>USD</b> pe <b>US$</b> da lakaat kemm etre anezhañ hag <a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">an dollarioù all</a>. Rannet eo e 100 <a class="new" href="http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sent_%28moneiz%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sent (moneiz) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">sent</a>.<br />
Degemeret e voe gant <a class="new" href="http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kendalc%27h_ar_c%27hengevred&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kendalc'h ar c'hengevred (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kendalc'h ar c'hengevred</a> ar Stadoù-Unanet d'ar <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_a_viz_Gouere" title="6 a viz Gouere">6 a viz Gouere</a> <a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_stadunanat#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup>. Ar moneiz muiañ implijet er bed eo e treuzgreadoù etrevroadel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_stadunanat#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup> Meur a vro a implij an dollar amerikan evel o moneiz ofisiel ha lod all a implij anezhañ evel o moneiz <i><a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>. Ouzhpenn US$ 380 <a class="new" href="http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miliard&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Miliard (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">miliard</a>
a oa war red (?) e 1995, an daoufarzh er-maez eus ar Stadoù-Unanet.
Daougementet eo ar sifr-mañ dek vloaz war-lerc'h gant tost da $ 760
miliard, eus an hanter d'an daoufarzh anezho o vezañ en estren. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_stadunanat#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup> Se a dalv ur feur kresk keitat a war-dro 7.6%. Hogen e oa aet an <a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> dreist d'an dollar e miz Kerzu 2006 diwar-benn talvoudegezh kenstrollet an arc'hant dizolo war red.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_stadunanat#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup>
Diwar neuze he deus savet talvoudegezh a-vremañ an euroioù war red da
ouzhpenn € 695 miliard, kevatal da US$ 1 029 miliard diouzh ar feur
eskemm a-vremañ.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_stadunanat#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-8255651358850806442012-01-31T15:53:00.000-08:002012-01-31T16:24:21.648-08:00ইউ এস ডলার<div id="siteSub">
মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ উইকিপিডিয়াত্ত</div>
<table class="infobox geography" style="width: 27em;">
<tbody>
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<td align="center" class="mergedtoprow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1.35em; line-height: 1.2em;"><b>ইউ এস ডলার</b><br />
<b>dólar estadounidense <small><span style="color: #555555; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; position: relative;">(স্পানিস)</span></small><br />
dólar amerikanu <small><span style="color: #555555; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; position: relative;">(টেটুম)</span></small><br />
dólar americano <small><span style="color: #555555; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; position: relative;">(পর্তুগিজ)</span></small></b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td align="center" class="maptable" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.3em 0.6em;"><table style="background: none; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:USD_notes.jpg" title="তিলপারাষ্ট্রর ডলার $১ ত্ত $১০০"><img alt="তিলপারাষ্ট্রর ডলার $১ ত্ত $১০০" height="129" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/USD_notes.jpg/126px-USD_notes.jpg" width="126" /></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" title="তিলপারাষ্ট্রর মাখেই আহান"><img alt="তিলপারাষ্ট্রর মাখেই আহান" height="125" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png/126px-2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="126" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td>তিলপারাষ্ট্রর ডলার $১ ত্ত $১০০</td>
<td>তিলপারাষ্ট্রর মাখেই আহান</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%93_%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD" title="আইএসও ৪২১৭">কোডগ</a></th>
<td><tt>ইউএসডি</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th>চলের দেশ</th>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" title="তিলপারাষ্ট্র"><img alt="তিলপারাষ্ট্র" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="22" /></a> <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="তিলপারাষ্ট্র">তিলপারাষ্ট্র</a>, <i><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" title="ব্রিটিশ ভারত মহাসাগর লয়া (পাতা নেই)">ব্রিটিশ ভারত মহাসাগর লয়া</a></i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#cite_note-0">[১]</a></sup>, <i><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="ব্রিটিশ ভার্জিন দ্বীপমালা">ব্রিটিশ ভার্জিন দ্বীপমালা</a></i>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2:%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%99_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="মডেল:মুঙ তিমির (পাতা নেই)">মডেল:মুঙ তিমির</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2:%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="মডেল:ইকুয়াডর (পাতা নেই)">মডেল:ইকুয়াডর</a>, <a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg"><img alt="Flag of El Salvador.svg" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/22px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" width="22" /></a> <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0" title="এল সালভাদর">এল সালভাদর</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="মার্শাল দ্বীপমালা">মার্শাল দ্বীপমালা</a>, <a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg"><img alt="Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" width="22" /></a> <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="মাইক্রোনেশিয়া তিলপারাষ্ট্র">মাইক্রোনেশিয়া তিলপারাষ্ট্র</a>, <a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Flag_of_Palau.svg"><img alt="Flag of Palau.svg" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" width="22" /></a> <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89" title="পালাউ">পালাউ</a>, <a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Flag_of_Panama.svg" title="পানামা"><img alt="পানামা" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/22px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" width="22" /></a> <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="পানামা">পানামা</a>, <i><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" title="টার্কস বারো কাইকোস দ্বীপমালা (পাতা নেই)">টার্কস বারো কাইকোস দ্বীপমালা</a></i>, বারো <i><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপারাষ্ট্রর দখলে আসে লয়া (পাতা নেই)">তিলপারাষ্ট্রর দখলে আসে লয়া</a>ত</i></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" title="মুদ্রাস্ফীতি (পাতা নেই)">মুদ্রাস্ফীতি</a></th>
<td>২.৫% (হুদ্দা তিলপারাষ্ট্রত)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">পাসিতা</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html" rel="nofollow">ৱালর্ড ফ্যাক্ট বুক</a>, ২০০৬ অনু.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="লেপ্পা বাট্টার হার (পাতা নেই)">লেপকরিসিতা</a></th>
<td><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="আরুবান ফ্লোরিন (পাতা নেই)">AWG</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="বাহামিয়ান ডলার">BSD</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="বাহরাইনি দিনার">BHD</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="বার্বাডিয়ান ডলার">BBD</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="বেলিজ ডলার">BZD</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="বার্মুডা ডলার (পাতা নেই)">BMD</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="কায়ম্যান দ্বীপমালা ডলার (পাতা নেই)">KYD</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" title="কিউবান কনভার্টেবল পেসো (পাতা নেই)">CUC</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="ডিজিবোটিয়ান ফ্রাঙ্ক">DJF</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইস্ট ক্যারিবিয়ান ডলার">XCD</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE" title="ইরিত্রিয়ান নাকফা">ERN</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জর্ডানিয়ান দিনার">JOD</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="লেবানিজ পাউন্ড">LBP</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="মালদ্বীভিয়ান রূফিয়া">MVR</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="নেদারল্যান্ডস এন্টিল্যান্ড গুলডেন (পাতা নেই)">ANG</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="ওমানি রিয়াল">OMR</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="কাতারি রিয়াল">QAR</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="সৌদি রিয়াল">SAR</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইউএই দিরহাম">AED</a>, <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ভেনেজুয়েলান বোলিভার">VEB</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th>ভাংতি</th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">১/১০</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="দাইম (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">দাইম</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">১/১০০</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="সেন্ট (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">সেন্ট</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">১/১০০০</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="মিল্ল (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">মিল্ল</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তাংখার চিনৎ (পাতা নেই)">চিনৎ</a></th>
<td>$ বা US<a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="ডলারর চিনহান (পাতা নেই)">$</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="সেন্ট (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">সেন্ট</a></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">¢ বা c</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="মিল্ল (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">মিল্ল</a></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">₥</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th>ডাকতারা নাঙ</th>
<td><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="বাক (পাতা নেই)">বাক</a>, ক্লাম, ডেড প্রেসিডেন্ট, বৌন, কয়েন, ফ্রগ, ডাকেট, কাবেজ, গ্রীন, পটেটো, ক্যাশ, বারো <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="গ্রীনব্যাক (পাতা নেই)">গ্রীনব্যাক</a>. অহাত্ত ৱাশিংটন, জেফারসন, লিঙ্কন, বেঞ্জামিন, বারো হেমিলটন্স বুলিয়া ডাকতারা পয়সার গজে আসে দৌ অতারর মাতুঙে।<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#cite_note-1">[২]</a></sup>, বারো <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" title="পোয়ের্ত রিকো (পাতা নেই)">পোয়ের্ত রিকো</a>ত<a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" title="পেসো (পাতা নেই)">পেসো</a> বুলতারা</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর ভাংতি পয়সা (পাতা নেই)">পয়সা</a></th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">হামেসা চলেরতা</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="সেন্ট (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">১¢ (১ পয়সা)</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="নিকেল (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">৫¢ (৫ পয়সা)</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="দাইম (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">১ দাইম (১০ পয়সা)</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="কুয়াটার (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">$¼ (সিকি আহান)</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">হাদিহাদিত চলেরতা</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="হাফ ডলার (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">$½ (মাখেই আহান)</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%28%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="ডলার (তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">$১ (তাংখা আহান)</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" title="ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোট (পাতা নেই)">ব্যাংকর নোটহানি</a></th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">হামেসা চলেরতা</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A7%A7_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর ১ ডলার বিল (পাতা নেই)">$১</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A7%AB_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর ৫ ডলার বিল (পাতা নেই)">$৫</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর ১০ ডলার বিল (পাতা নেই)">$১০</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর ২০ ডলার বিল (পাতা নেই)">$২০</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">হাদিহাদিত চলেরতা</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A7%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর ২ ডলার বিল (পাতা নেই)">$২</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর য়্যাঙ্খেই ডলার বিল (পাতা নেই)">$৫০</a>, <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর ১০০ ডলার বিল (পাতা নেই)">$১০০</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="কেন্দ্রীয় ব্যাংক (পাতা নেই)">কেন্দ্রীয় ব্যাংক</a></span></th>
<td><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95&action=edit&redlink=1" title="ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ ব্যাংক (পাতা নেই)">ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ ব্যাংক</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedbottomrow">
<td>ওয়েব</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/" rel="nofollow">www.federalreserve.gov</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" title="ফংকরিসিতা (পাতা নেই)">ফংকরিসিতা</a></th>
<td><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82&action=edit&redlink=1" title="ব্যুরো অফ এনগ্রেভিং বারো প্রিন্টিং (পাতা নেই)">ব্যুরো অফ এনগ্রেভিং বারো প্রিন্টিং</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedbottomrow">
<td>ওয়েবসাইট</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/" rel="nofollow">www.moneyfactory.gov</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%28%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="মিন্ট (পয়সা) (পাতা নেই)">মিন্ট</a></th>
<td><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" title="তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর মিন্ট (পাতা নেই)">তিলপা রাষ্ট্রর মিন্ট</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedbottomrow">
<td>ওয়েবসাইট</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/" rel="nofollow">www.usmint.gov</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Usdollar100front.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="126" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Usdollar100front.jpg/300px-Usdollar100front.jpg" width="300" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Usdollar100front.jpg" title="ডাঙরকর"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
হাদি এহান নিকুলিসে $১০০ ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোটহান, যেহানাত আগেকার রাষ্ট্রমাপু <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="বেঞ্জামিন ফ্রাঙ্কলিন (পাতা নেই)">বেঞ্জামিন ফ্রাঙ্কলিন</a>র মুর্ত্তিগ আসে।</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="128" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg/300px-Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg" width="300" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg" title="ডাঙরকর"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
হাদি এহান নিকুলিসে $৫০ ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোটহান, যেহানাত আগেকার রাষ্ট্রমাপু <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8._%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" title="আলিসেস এস. গ্রান্ট (পাতা নেই)">আলিসেস এস. গ্রান্ট</a>র মুর্ত্তিগ আসে।</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:US20-front.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="131" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/300px-US20-front.jpg" width="300" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:US20-front.jpg" title="ডাঙরকর"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
হাদি এহান নিকুলিসে $২০ ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোটহান, যেহানাত আগেকার রাষ্ট্রমাপু <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="অ্যান্ড্রু জেকসন (পাতা নেই)">অ্যান্ড্রু জেকসন</a>র মুর্ত্তিগ আসে।</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="127" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/300px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" width="300" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" title="ডাঙরকর"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
হাদি এহান নিকুলিসে $১০ ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোটহান, যেহানাত আগেকার রাষ্ট্রমাপু <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="আলেকজান্ডার হেমিল্টন (পাতা নেই)">আলেকজান্ডার হেমিল্টন</a>র মুর্ত্তিগ আসে।</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:US_$5_obverse.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="128" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/US_%245_obverse.jpg/300px-US_%245_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:US_$5_obverse.jpg" title="ডাঙরকর"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
হাদি এহান নিকুলিসে $৫ ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোটহান, যেহানাত আগেকার রাষ্ট্রমাপু <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="আব্রাহাম লিঙ্কন (পাতা নেই)">আব্রাহাম লিঙ্কন</a>র মুর্ত্তিগ আসে। এহান ২০০৮ মারিত নিকুলতই অংতাহানর লগে মান্না ইতইহানে</div>
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<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:US_$2_obverse.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="126" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/300px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:US_$2_obverse.jpg" title="ডাঙরকর"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
হাদি এহান নিকুলিসে $২ ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোটহান, যেহানাত আগেকার রাষ্ট্রমাপু <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="থমাস জেফারসন (পাতা নেই)">থমাস জেফারসন</a>র মুর্ত্তিগ আসে।</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="131" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/300px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="300" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg" title="ডাঙরকর"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
হাদি এহান নিকুলিসে $১০০ ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোটহান, যেহানাত আগেকার রাষ্ট্রমাপু <a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="জর্জ ৱাশিংটন (পাতা নেই)">জর্জ ৱাশিংটন</a>র মুর্ত্তিগ আসে।</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:One_US_dollar_1917.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="131" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/One_US_dollar_1917.jpg/300px-One_US_dollar_1917.jpg" width="300" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF:One_US_dollar_1917.jpg" title="ডাঙরকর"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
মারি ১৯১৭র $১ বিলহান।</div>
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</div>
<br />
<b>ইউ এস ডলার</b> এহান <a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="তিলপারাষ্ট্র">তিলপারাষ্ট্র</a>র তাংখার নাংহান। তাংখা এহানর চিনৎহান: $ বারো ব্যাংকিংরকা লেপকরা বাট্টি নাংহান ইলতাই: ইউএসডি (USD)।<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
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<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
মেথেল</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#" id="togglelink">থেইকরিয়া থনা</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#.E0.A6.9A.E0.A6.B2.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.B0_.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.96.E0.A6.BE_.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.8B_.E0.A6.AD.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF"><span class="tocnumber">১</span> <span class="toctext">চলের তাংখা বারো ভাংতি</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.96.E0.A6.BE"><span class="tocnumber">১.১</span> <span class="toctext">তাংখা</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#.E0.A6.AD.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF"><span class="tocnumber">১.২</span> <span class="toctext">ভাংতি</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#.E0.A6.87.E0.A6.89_.E0.A6.8F.E0.A6.B8_.E0.A6.A1.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.B0_.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.9F.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.BE"><span class="tocnumber">২</span> <span class="toctext">ইউ এস ডলারর বাট্টা</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#.E0.A6.86.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.89_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95"><span class="tocnumber">৩</span> <span class="toctext">আরাকউ পাকরিক</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#.E0.A6.AA.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE"><span class="tocnumber">৪</span> <span class="toctext">পাসিতা</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0#.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.AA"><span class="tocnumber">৫</span> <span class="toctext">মিলাপ</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="সেকসনহান পতা: চলের তাংখা বারো ভাংতি">পতিক</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E0.A6.9A.E0.A6.B2.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.B0_.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.96.E0.A6.BE_.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.8B_.E0.A6.AD.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF">চলের তাংখা বারো ভাংতি</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="সেকসনহান পতা: তাংখা">পতিক</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.96.E0.A6.BE">তাংখা</span></h3>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="সেকসনহান পতা: ভাংতি">পতিক</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E0.A6.AD.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF">ভাংতি</span></h3>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="সেকসনহান পতা: ইউ এস ডলারর বাট্টা">পতিক</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E0.A6.87.E0.A6.89_.E0.A6.8F.E0.A6.B8_.E0.A6.A1.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.B0_.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.9F.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.BE">ইউ এস ডলারর বাট্টা</span></h2>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">হারি ইউ এস ডলার বাট্টা করলে পরেরতা</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
<td>বদি</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B" title="ইউরো">ইউরো</a></td>
<td>৫৭.৬%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপানিজ ইয়েন">জাপানিজ ইয়েন</a></td>
<td>১৩.৬%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="পাউন্ড স্টার্লিং">পাউন্ড স্টার্লিং</a></td>
<td>১১.৯%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কানাডিয়ান ডলার">কানাডিয়ান ডলার</a></td>
<td>৯.১%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" title="সুইডিস ক্রোন (পাতা নেই)">সুইডিস ক্রোন</a></td>
<td>৪.২%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="সুইস ফ্রাঙ্ক">সুইস ফ্রাঙ্ক</a></td>
<td>৩.৬%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><sub>পাসিতা: এনৱাইবট, "<a class="external text" href="http://www.nybot.com/productpages/USDX/pdf/usdx.pdf" rel="nofollow">ইউ এস ডলারর মেথেল</a>", পাতা ৩ (পিডিএফ)</sub></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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ইউএসডি-র বাট্টার হারহান</div>
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<td><a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency" rel="nofollow">ইয়াহু! ফাইনেন্সল</a>:</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=AUD&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">অষ্ট্রেলিয়ান ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=CAD&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">কানাডিয়ান ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=CHF&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">সুইস ফ্রাঙ্ক</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=EUR&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">ইউরো</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=GBP&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">পাউন্ড</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=HKD&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">হংকং ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=JPY&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">জাপানিজ ইয়েন</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=MXN&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">MXN</a> <a class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=CNY&to=USD&submit=Convert" rel="nofollow">CNY</a></td>
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<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/" rel="nofollow">এক্সই.কমল</a>:</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=AUD&To=USD" rel="nofollow">অষ্ট্রেলিয়ান ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=USD" rel="nofollow">কানাডিয়ান ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=CHF&To=USD" rel="nofollow">সুইস ফ্রাঙ্ক</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=USD" rel="nofollow">ইউরো</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=GBP&To=USD" rel="nofollow">পাউন্ড</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=HKD&To=USD" rel="nofollow">হংকং ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=USD" rel="nofollow">জাপানিজ ইয়েন</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=MXN&To=USD" rel="nofollow">MXN</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=CNY&To=USD" rel="nofollow">CNY</a></td>
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<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/" rel="nofollow">ৱান্ডা.কমল</a>:</td>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=AUD&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">অষ্ট্রেলিয়ান ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=CAD&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">কানাডিয়ান ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=CHF&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">সুইস ফ্রাঙ্ক</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=EUR&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">ইউরো</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=GBP&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">পাউন্ড</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=HKD&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">হংকং ডলার</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=JPY&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">জাপানিজ ইয়েন</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=MXN&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">MXN</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?value=1&exch=CNY&expr=USD" rel="nofollow">CNY</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-32946656573075086222012-01-31T15:51:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:24:34.492-08:00भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर लेख संख्या बढावे में मदद करीं। ज्यादा से ज्यादा लेख लिखीं।<br />
<center> <a href="http://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F" title="मदद:देवनागरी इन्पुट"><b>देवनागरी में भोजपुरी लिखे खातिर मदद!</b></a> </center>
<br />
<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">
अमरीकन डॉलर</h1>
<a class="new" href="http://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" title="अमेरिका (पन्ना मौजूद नईखे)।">अमेरिका</a> में चालित <a class="new" href="http://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" title="मुद्रा (पन्ना मौजूद नईखे)।">मुद्रा</a> के नाम ह अमेरिकन डॉलर।<br />
<div class="notice metadata" id="stub">
<div class="floatleft">
<a class="image" href="http://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Wiki_letter_w.svg"><img alt="Wiki letter w.svg" height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" width="40" /></a></div>
<i>ई सामग्री एगो <a href="http://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="आधार">आधार</a> (<a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stub" title="en:stub">stub</a>) ह या <a href="http://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3" title="अपूर्ण">अपूर्ण</a> अवस्था में बा ।<br />
यदी रउआ संगे ई विषय के बारे निमन जानकारी बा त ई के <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="http://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0&action=edit">बढ़ाई के</a></span></b> विकिपीडिया के मदद कर सकत बानी।</i></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-59529877878876356112012-01-31T15:50:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:24:47.061-08:00Щатски долар<b>Щатският долар</b> (или <b>американски долар</b>) (на <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a>: <i><span lang="en">United States dollar</span></i>) е официалната <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валута">валута</a> в <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Съединени американски щати">САЩ</a> и основна световна <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Резервна валута">резервна валута</a>.<br />
В момента паричното обращение се контролира от банковата система на <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Федерален резерв">Федералния резерв</a>. Най-често използваният символ за щатския долар е знакът „$“. Кодът на щатския долар в стандарта <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a> е <b>USD</b> и цифров код 840, а <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Международен валутен фонд">Международният валутен фонд</a> използва и <b>US$</b>.<br />
През <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> г. над 380 млрд. долара са в употреба, като 2/3 от тях се намират извън <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Съединени американски щати">САЩ</a>. През април <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> г. доларите в употреба са близо 700 млрд, като отново приблизително 50%-65% са извън границите на САЩ.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
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<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Съдържание</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a class="internal" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#" id="togglelink">скриване</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">История</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.91.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Банкноти и монети</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.9C.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Монети</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.91.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Банкноти</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Източници</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#.D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Външни препратки</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F">История</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none;">[<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: История">редактиране</a>]</span></h2>
Доларът се въвежда като парична единица в САЩ на 2 април 1792 г. с т.нар. „Coinage Act“, приет от <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Конгреса на САЩ">Конгреса на САЩ</a>. С този законодателен акт се установява <a class="new" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Биметален стандарт (страницата не съществува)">биметален стандарт</a>
за долара, който се равнява на определено количество злато или сребро.
Въвежда се за първи път десетичната система за подразделенията на
паричната единица, като 1 долар е равен на 100 цента.<br />
Законът разрешава производството на следните монети:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup><br />
<table cellpadding="2" class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Eagles</td>
<td>$10</td>
<td>247 <sup>4</sup>/<sub>8</sub> <a class="new" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%28%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Гран (маса) (страницата не съществува)">грана</a> (16.0 g) чисто или 270 грана (17.5 g) стандартно <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато">злато</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Half Eagles</td>
<td>$5</td>
<td>123 <sup>6</sup>/<sub>8</sub> грана (8.02 g) чисто или 135 грана (8.75 g) стандартно злато</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Quarter Eagles</td>
<td>$2.50</td>
<td>61 <sup>7</sup>/<sub>8</sub> грана (4.01 g) чисто или 67 <sup>4</sup>/<sub>8</sub> грана (4.37 g) стандартно злато</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dollars or Units</td>
<td>$1</td>
<td>371 <sup>4</sup>/<sub>16</sub> грана (24.1 g) чисто или 416 грана (27.0 g) стандартно <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро">сребро</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Half Dollars</td>
<td>$0.50</td>
<td>185 <sup>10</sup>/<sub>16</sub> грана (12.0 g) чисто или 208 грана (13.5 g) стандартно сребро</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Quarter Dollars</td>
<td>$0.25</td>
<td>92 <sup>13</sup>/<sub>16</sub> грана (6.01 g) чисто или 104 грана (6.74 g) стандартно сребро</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dismes</td>
<td>$0.10</td>
<td>37 <sup>2</sup>/<sub>16</sub> грана (2.41 g) чисто или 41 <sup>3</sup>/<sub>5</sub> грана (2.70 g) стандартно сребро</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Half Dismes</td>
<td>$0.05</td>
<td>18 <sup>9</sup>/<sub>16</sub> грана (1.20 g) чисто или 20 <sup>4</sup>/<sub>5</sub> грана (1.35 g) стандартно сребро</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cents</td>
<td>$0.01</td>
<td>11 <a class="new" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pennyweight&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pennyweight (страницата не съществува)">pennyweights</a> (17.1 g) <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4_%28%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%29" title="Мед (елемент)">мед</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Half Cents</td>
<td>$0.005</td>
<td>5 <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> pennyweights (8.55 g) мед</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Milles</td>
<td>$0.001</td>
<td>1.1 pennyweights (1.7 g) мед</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
През 1900 г. САЩ изоставят биметалния стандарт и преминават към <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Златен стандарт">златен стандарт</a>,
като долара е изцяло обезпечен със злато и се равнява на 23,22 грана
(1,505 g) злато (1 тройунция злато=$20,67). Поради постоянната <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Девалвация">девалвация</a>
на долара САЩ се отказват от златния стандарт през 1933 г., и валутата
става свободно конвертируема. Намалява се значително златното покритие,
като 1 долар се равнява на 13,71 грана (0,888 g) злато (1 тройунция
злато=$35). Този стандарт просъществува до 1968 г. След <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втората световна война">Втората световна война</a> с цел стабилизация на международната валутна система, е прието <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Система Бретън Удс">Бретън-Уудското споразумение</a>
през 1944 г., според което щатският долар става световна валута заедно
със златото. През 1971 г., САЩ окончателно преустановява използването на
златния стандарт и премахва обезпечението на валутата.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8">Банкноти и монети</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none;">[<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Банкноти и монети">редактиране</a>]</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.9C.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8">Монети</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none;">[<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Монети">редактиране</a>]</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 232px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:1933_double_eagle.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="113" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1933_double_eagle.JPG/230px-1933_double_eagle.JPG" width="230" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:1933_double_eagle.JPG" title="Увеличаване"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
20-доларовата монета, проектирана от Сен Годен</div>
</div>
</div>
Монетите в САЩ се секат от 1972 година от Монетния двор на САЩ. Освен
тези в обращение се секат също паметни, юбилейни и инвестиционни
монети.<br />
Една от най-скъпите монети в света е златна монета с номинал от 20
долара, проектирана от скулптора Сен Годен, която е в обращение от 1907
до 1933 година. По решение на <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Франклин Рузвелт">Франклин Рузвелт</a> монетите са претопени поради отказа на САЩ от <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Златен стандарт">златния стандарт</a> след <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Великата депресия">Великата депресия</a>. Единствената оцеляла монета е продадена на търг през 2002 г. за $7 590 020,00.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup><br />
До началото на 20-ти век на монетите не фигурират лицата на
американските президенти, а персонажи от гръцката и римската митология.
Последните, на които е променен дизайна са дайм и долар, съответно през
1946 и 1971 година.<br />
<table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;">
<caption>Монети</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Номинал</th>
<th>Аверс</th>
<th>Реверс</th>
<th>Изображение<br />
аверс</th>
<th>Изображение<br />
реверс</th>
<th>Тегло</th>
<th>Диаметър</th>
<th>Ширина</th>
<th>Материал</th>
<th>Страничен ръб (гурт)</th>
<th>Въведени</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 Cent<br />
„Penny“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png" title="1 цент аверс"><img alt="1 цент аверс" height="111" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png/110px-2005_Penny_Obv_Unc_D.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png" title="1 цент реверс"><img alt="1 цент реверс" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png/110px-2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Ейбрахам Линкълн">Ейбрахам Линкълн</a></td>
<td>до 2008 <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Линкълн Мемориал">Линкълн Мемориал</a><br />
2009 различни мотиви<br />
от 2010 щит</td>
<td>2,50 g</td>
<td>19,05 mm</td>
<td>1,55 mm</td>
<td>97,5 % <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">Zn</a><br />
2,5 % <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4_%28%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%29" title="Мед (елемент)">Cu</a></td>
<td>гладък гурт</td>
<td>1793</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5 Cents<br />
„Nickel“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg" title="5 цента аверс"><img alt="5 цента аверс" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg/110px-2006_Nickel_Unc_Obv.jpg" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg" title="5 цента реверс"><img alt="5 цента реверс" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg/110px-2006_Nickel_Unc_Rev.jpg" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Томас Джеферсън">Томас Джеферсън</a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%28%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%29" title="Монтичело (Вирджиния)">Монтичело</a><br />
<a href="tel://200405/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 2004/05">2004/05</a> различни мотиви</td>
<td>5,00 g</td>
<td>21,21 mm</td>
<td>1,95 mm</td>
<td>75 % Cu<br />
25 % <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел">Ni</a></td>
<td>гладък гурт</td>
<td>1938</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10 Cents<br />
„Dime“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png" title="10 цента аверс"><img alt="10 цента аверс" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png/110px-2005_Dime_Obv_Unc_P.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png" title="10 цента реверс"><img alt="10 цента реверс" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png/110px-2005_Dime_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Франклин Рузвелт">Франклин Рузвелт</a></td>
<td>Маслинова клонка, факел, дъбова клонка</td>
<td>2,27 g</td>
<td>17,91 mm</td>
<td>1,35 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
<td>назъбен гурт</td>
<td>1796</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>25 Cents<br />
„Quarter“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Washington_Quarter_79.PNG" title="25 цента аверс"><img alt="25 цента аверс" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Washington_Quarter_79.PNG/110px-Washington_Quarter_79.PNG" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Quarter_new.jpg" title="25 цента реверс"><img alt="25 цента реверс" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quarter_new.jpg/110px-Quarter_new.jpg" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джордж Вашингтон">Джордж Вашингтон</a></td>
<td>до 1998 <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Белоглав орел">Белоглав орел</a><br />
от 1999 различни мотиви</td>
<td>5,67 g</td>
<td>24,26 mm</td>
<td>1,75 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
<td>назъбен гурт</td>
<td>1796</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50 Cents<br />
„Half“</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png" title="50 цента аверс"><img alt="50 цента аверс" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png/110px-2005_Half_Dollar_Obv_Unc_P.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" title="50 цента реверс"><img alt="50 цента реверс" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png/110px-2005_Half_Dollar_Rev_Unc_P.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Джон Кенеди">Джон Кенеди</a></td>
<td>Печат на президента</td>
<td>11,34 g</td>
<td>30,61 mm</td>
<td>2,15 mm</td>
<td>91,67 % Cu<br />
8,33 % Ni</td>
<td>назъбен гурт</td>
<td>1794</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 Dollar</td>
<td><div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="new" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&wpDestFile=1_Dollar_M%C3%BCnze_Vorderseite_2.jpg" title="Файл:1 Dollar Münze Vorderseite 2.jpg">1 долар аверс</a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:United_States_one_dollar_coin,_reverse.jpg" title="1 долар реверс"><img alt="1 долар реверс" height="108" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg/110px-United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Сакагавея (страницата не съществува)">Сакагавея</a></td>
<td>до 2008 летящ <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Белоглав орел">белоглав орел</a><br />
от 2009 различни мотиви</td>
<td>8,10 g</td>
<td>26,50 mm</td>
<td>2,00 mm</td>
<td>88,5 % Cu<br />
6 % Zn<br />
3,5 % <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">Mn</a><br />
2 % Ni</td>
<td>гладък гурт<br />
от 2009 надпис</td>
<td>2000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:George_Washington_Presidential_$1_Coin_obverse.png" title="1 долар аверс"><img alt="1 долар аверс" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/George_Washington_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.png/110px-George_Washington_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:LineartPresRev.png" title="1 долар реверс"><img alt="1 долар реверс" height="111" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LineartPresRev.png/110px-LineartPresRev.png" width="110" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Президент на Съединените американски щати">Президенти на Съединените американски щати</a><br />
(Серия монети)</td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Статуя на Свободата">Статуя на Свободата</a></td>
<td>8,10 g</td>
<td>26,50 mm</td>
<td>2,00 mm</td>
<td>88,5 % Cu<br />
6 % Zn<br />
3,5 % Mn<br />
2 % Ni</td>
<td>надпис „United States of America“</td>
<td>2007</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8">Банкноти</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none;">[<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Банкноти">редактиране</a>]</span></h3>
Първите банкноти, отпечатани от Федералният резерв на САЩ са от 1914
година с номинали от $5, $10, $20, $50, $100 и с размер 189 × 79 mm.
През 1928 г. за оптимизиране на разходите банкнотите са намалени до
сегашния размер. Размерите на американските банкноти, независимо от
номинала не се различават и са 155,81 mm дължина 66,42 mm ширина.
Базовият дизайн на болшинството е утвърден през 1928 г. На
еднодоларовата <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Банкнота">банкнота</a> е изобразен <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Белоглав орел">белоглав орел</a>
с 13 пера, стискащ в единия крак клонка с 13 листа, а в другия 13
стрели. Числото 13 символизира 13-те колонии, основатели на съюза. На
лицевата страна на всяка от банкнотите в центъра (на по-старите
банкноти) или изместен вляво (на по-новите) има портет на някои <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Списък на президенти на САЩ">президенти на САЩ</a> или други важни исторически личности.<br />
Понастоящем банкнотата с най-голям номинал е 100 доларовата. Съществуват и по-големи, но са изтеглени от обращение.<br />
<table class="wikitable"><tbody>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th>Номинал</th>
<th>Аверс</th>
<th>Реверс</th>
<th>Изображение</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg" height="96" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/220px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_reverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, reverse.jpg" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg/220px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джордж Вашингтон">Джордж Вашингтон</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US_$2_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $2 obverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/220px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US_$2_reverse.jpg"><img alt="US $2 reverse.jpg" height="91" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/US_%242_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%242_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Томас Джеферсън">Томас Джеферсън</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US_$5_Series_2006_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $5 Series 2006 obverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg/220px-US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US_$5_Series_2006_reverse.jpg"><img alt="US $5 Series 2006 reverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Ейбрахам Линкълн">Ейбрахам Линкълн</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg"><img alt="US10dollarbill-Series 2004A.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/220px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US_$10_Series_2004_reverse.jpg"><img alt="US $10 Series 2004 reverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Александър Хамилтън">Александър Хамилтън</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>20 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US20-front.jpg"><img alt="US20-front.jpg" height="96" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/220px-US20-front.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US20-back.jpg"><img alt="US20-back.jpg" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/US20-back.jpg/220px-US20-back.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8E_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Андрю Джаксън">Андрю Джаксън</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg"><img alt="Series2004NoteFront 50.jpg" height="94" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg/220px-Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg"><img alt="Series2004NoteBack 50.jpg" height="91" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg/220px-Series2004NoteBack_50.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Юлисис Грант">Юлисис Грант</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>100 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Usdollar100front.jpg"><img alt="Usdollar100front.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Usdollar100front.jpg/220px-Usdollar100front.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US_$100_reverse.jpg"><img alt="US $100 reverse.jpg" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/US_%24100_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%24100_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенджамин Франклин">Бенджамин Франклин</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"><i>Отпечатани са за последен път през 1945 г.;<br />
изтеглени от обращение през 1969 г. но все още са законно платежно средство</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations_2-0"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80#cite_note-Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing:Large_Denominations-2">[3]</a></sup></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>500 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:500-2f.jpg"><img alt="500-2f.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/500-2f.jpg/220px-500-2f.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:500-2b.jpg"><img alt="500-2b.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/500-2b.jpg/220px-500-2b.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Уилям Маккинли">Уилям Маккинли</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 000 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:1000-2f.jpg"><img alt="1000-2f.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1000-2f.jpg/220px-1000-2f.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:1000-2b.jpg"><img alt="1000-2b.jpg" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1000-2b.jpg/220px-1000-2b.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гроувър Кливланд">Гроувър Кливланд</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5 000 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:5000f.jpg"><img alt="5000f.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/5000f.jpg/220px-5000f.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:5000b.jpg"><img alt="5000b.jpg" height="83" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/5000b.jpg/220px-5000b.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Мадисън">Джеймс Мадисън</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10 000 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:10000-1f.jpg"><img alt="10000-1f.jpg" height="92" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/10000-1f.jpg/220px-10000-1f.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:10000-1b.jpg"><img alt="10000-1b.jpg" height="83" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/10000-1b.jpg/220px-10000-1b.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Салмън Чейс (страницата не съществува)">Салмън Чейс</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background: #2E8B57;">
<th colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"><i>Не са в обращение, използвали са се за вътрешни разчети на <a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Федерален резерв">Федералния резерв</a></i></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>100 000 Dollar</td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg"><img alt="US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg/220px-US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a class="image" href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg"><img alt="US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg" height="95" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg/220px-US100000dollarsbillreverse.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
<td><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Удроу Уилсън">Удроу Уилсън</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-61265667281625898152012-01-31T15:49:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:24:59.753-08:00মার্কিন ডলার<div id="siteSub">
উইকিপিডিয়া, মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ থেকে</div>
<table class="infobox geography" style="font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width: 27em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="mergedtoprow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: center;">মার্কিন ডলার</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" class="maptable" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.3em 0.6em;"><table style="background: none; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:LineartPresRev.png" title="১$ কয়েন"><img alt="১$ কয়েন" height="127" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LineartPresRev.png/126px-LineartPresRev.png" width="126" /></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:USDnotes.png" title="ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোট"><img alt="ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোট" height="110" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/USDnotes.png/126px-USDnotes.png" width="126" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td>১$ কয়েন</td>
<td>ফেডারেল রিজার্ভ নোট</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217 Code</a></th>
<td><tt>USD</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th>ব্যবহারকারী (সমূহ)</th>
<td><a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র এর পতাকা"><img alt="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র এর পতাকা" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="22" /></a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br />
<span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/22px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="পানামা">Panama</a><br />
<span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0" title="ইকুয়েডর">Ecuador</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th>উপ একক</th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">1/10</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">ডাইম(Dime)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">1/100</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">সেন্ট(Cent)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="tel://11000/" style="border-bottom: thin dotted; text-decoration: none;" title="Ligar para 1/1000">1/1000</a></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">মিল(Mill)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th>ব্যাঙ্কনোট</th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">বহুল ব্যবহৃত</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">১$, ৫$, ১০$10]], ২০$, ৫০$, ১০০$</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">স্বল্প ব্যবহৃত</td>
<td style="padding-top: 0.2em;">২$</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="96" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/220px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
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<a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="জর্জ ওয়াশিংটন">জর্জ ওয়াশিংটনের</a> ছবি যুক্ত ১ ডলারের নোট</div>
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<b>ইউনাইটেড স্টেট্স ডলার</b> বা ইউ এস ডলার (মুদ্রা কোড: USD) হল <a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র">মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের</a>
সরকারী মুদ্রার নাম। এর কাগুজে নোটের নকশা অনুযায়ী এক 'গ্রীন বাক'
হিসেবেও অভিহিত করা হয়ে থাকে। এর সাংকেতিক চিহ্ন $, তবে অন্যান্য দেশের
ডলার নামক মুদ্রা থেকে আলাদা করার জন্য একে US$ও লেখা হয়। এর এ শতাংশের
নাম সেন্ট। সুতরাং ১ ডলার ১০০ সেন্ট এর সমতূল্য।<br />
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="পরিচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: ইতিহাস">সম্পাদনা</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E0.A6.87.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.B9.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B8">ইতিহাস</span></h2>
মার্কিন কংগ্রেস ১৭৮৫ খ্রীস্টাব্দে এটি চালু করে।<br />
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="পরিচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: আন্তর্জাতিক ভূমিকা">সম্পাদনা</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E0.A6.86.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9C.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95_.E0.A6.AD.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.BE">আন্তর্জাতিক ভূমিকা</span></h2>
এটি বর্তমানে বিশ্বের সর্বাধিক প্রচলিত মুদ্রা। যুক্তরাষ্ট্র ছাড়াও আরও
কিছু দেশ ডলারকে সরকারী মুদ্রা হিসাবে ব্যবহার করে। মার্কিন ডলারের
আন্তর্জাতিক ব্যবহার দ্বিবিধ। প্রথমতঃ এটি আন্তর্জাতিক দেনা-পাওনা মেটানোর
মুদ্রা। দ্বিতীয়তঃ এটি বহুল প্রচলিত একটি রিজার্ভ কারেন্সী। তবে ইউরো
প্রচলনের পর থেকে মার্কিন ডলারের ভূমিকা ধীরে ধীরে হ্রাস পেতে শুরু করে।
১৯৯৫ খ্রীস্টাব্দের হিসাব অনুযায়ী বাজারে $৩৮০ বিলিয়ন (৩৮ হাজার কোটি)
ডলার চালু আছে, যার দুই-তৃতীয়াংশই যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বাইরে চালু। ২০০৫
খ্রীস্টাব্দ নাগাদ এর পরিমাণ দ্বিগুন হয়ে $৭৬০ বিলিয়নে (৭৬ হাজার কোটি)
পৌছেছে। এর অর্ধেকই রয়েছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বাইরে।<br />
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১৯১৭সালের <a class="new" href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_one-dollar_bill&action=edit&redlink=1" title="United States one-dollar bill (পাতা নেই)">$১ মার্কিন ডলার এর নোট</a></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-48403066590036509092012-01-31T15:48:00.001-08:002012-01-31T16:25:12.634-08:00Амэрыканскі даляр<div id="siteSub">
Зьвесткі зь Вікіпэдыі — вольнай энцыкляпэдыі.</div>
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<td class="fn" colspan="2" style="background: #bbcced; font-size: 130%; font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: center;">Амэрыканскі даляр</td>
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<td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:US_$1_obverse.jpg"><img alt="US $1 obverse.jpg" height="106" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_%241_obverse.jpg/250px-US_%241_obverse.jpg" width="250" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: 95%;">Банкнота наміналам у 1 амэрыканскі даляр сэрыі ад 1995 г., з партрэтам прэзыдэнта <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джордж Вашынгтон">Джорджа Вашынгтона</a></span></td>
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<th style="background: #eeeeee; text-align: left;">Краіна</th>
<td class=""><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі">Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі</a></td>
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<th style="background: #eeeeee; text-align: left;">Падзел</th>
<td class=""><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цэнт">цэнт</a></td>
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<th style="background: #eeeeee; text-align: left;"><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">Код ISO-4217</a></th>
<td class="">USD</td>
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<b>Амэрыканскі даляр</b>, <b>даляр ЗША</b> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Код валюты">код валюты</a>: <b>USD</b>) — гэта афіцыйная <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0_%28%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%29" title="Валюта (фінансы)">валюта</a> <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі">Злучаных Штатаў Амэрыкі</a>. Звычайна ён таксама абрывіюецца знакамітым значкам <b>$</b>, альбо <b>US$</b>, каб адрозьніць ад іншых валютаў з назваю «даляр». Амэрыканскі даляр дзеліцца на 100 <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цэнт">цэнтаў</a>
(скарачэньне — ¢). У абароце ёсьць манэты наміналам у 1, 5, 10, 25 і 50
цэнтаў і 1 даляр, а таксама банкноты наміналам у 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 і
100 даляраў.<br />
На сёньняшні дзень даляр ЗША — найбольш распаўсюджаная і часта
выкарыстаная валюта ў сусьветнай эканоміцы. У некаторых краінах даляр
уведзены ў якасьці афіцыйнай валюты, амаль усе ўрады захоўваюць частку
ці ўсе золата-валютныя рэзэрвы ў амэрыканскіх далярах. На <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>
год у сьвеце ў звароце было 760 мільярдаў даляраў, зь якіх толькі адна
траціна прыходзілася на Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі. За дзесяць гадоў з <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> году гэтая лічба вырасла ўдвая.<br />
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80&action=edit&section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Гісторыя»">рэдагаваць</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F">Гісторыя</span></h2>
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Банкнота ў 1 даляр (1862)</div>
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Назва даляру ЗША паходзіць ад <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гішпанія">гішпанскай</a>
срэбнай манэты ў 8 рэаляў, што важыла адну вунцыю. Манэта была вельмі
папулярнаю сярод амэрыканскіх каляністаў, якія называлі яе «гішпанскім
далярам», назва якога пайшла ад нямецкай манэты падобнага памеру і вагі —
<a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Талер">талера</a>.<br />
З <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>
году ў амэрыканскіх штатах пачала выпускацца «кантынэнтальная валюта»,
дэнамінаваная ў «гішпанскіх далярах» і ў валютах асобных штатаў.
Кантытэнтальны даляр цярпеў моцную інфляцыю і быў заменены на срэбны
даляр па курсе 1 срэбны даляр = 1000 кантынэнтальных даляраў. Даляр быў
абвешчаны афіцыйнаю валютай Амэрыкі Кангрэсам канфэдэрацыі Злучаных
Штатаў <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="6 ліпеня">6 ліпеня</a> <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>
году. Першыя даляравыя манэты былі выпушчаныя Манэтным дваром ЗША
пасьля вайны за незалежнасьць. Пэўны час гішпанскія і амэрыканскія
срэбныя даляры хадзілі паралельна ў краіне.<br />
Пасьля <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Першая сусьветная вайна">Першай</a> і <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Другая сусьветная вайна">Другой</a>
сусьветных войнаў ЗША ператварыліся ў вядучую эканоміку сьвету.
Адпаведна, амэрыканскі даляр здабыў сваю сучасную вагу ў якасьці
сусьветнай валюты.<br />
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80&action=edit&section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Міжнародная роля даляру»">рэдагаваць</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.9C.D1.96.D0.B6.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.8F_.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.8F_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8F.D1.80.D1.83">Міжнародная роля даляру</span></h2>
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Манэта ў чвэрць даляру — «quarter»</div>
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Некаторыя краіны добраахвотна перайшлі на амэрыканскі даляр у якасьці афіцыйнай валюты. Гэткі працэс звычайна завеца <a class="new" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Далярызацыя (старонка не існуе)">далярызацыяй</a>. Гэтыя краіны:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эквадор">Эквадор</a> (2000)</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%28%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%29" title="Сальвадор (краіна)">Сальвадор</a> (2001)</li>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Усходні Тымор">Усходні Тымор</a> (2000)</li>
</ul>
Таксама ў якасьці нацыянальнай валюты амэрыканскі даляр мае хаджэньне
ў былых амэрыканскіх пратэктаратах у Ціхім акіяне, якія ня сталі
ўвадзіць уласныя нацыянальныя валюты пасьля атрыманьня незалежнасьці:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Палаў">Палаў</a></li>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96" title="Фэдэратыўныя Штаты Мікранэзіі">Фэдэратыўныя Штаты Мікранэзіі</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Маршалавы выспы">Маршалавы выспы</a></li>
</ul>
<a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама">Панама</a> таксама выкарыстоўвае даляр ЗША з 1904 году, хаця мае і ўласную валюту.<br />
Дзьве <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вялікабрытанія">брытанскія</a> залежныя тэрыторыі таксама выкарыстоўваюць амэрыканскі даляр:<br />
<ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Брытанскія Віргінскія выспы">Брытанскія Віргінскія выспы</a> (з <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%96_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тэркс і Кэйкас">Тэркс і Кэйкас</a> (<a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li>
</ul>
Валюты некаторых краінаў прывязаныя да даляру ЗША па пэўным курсе:<br />
<ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Бэрмуды">Бэрмуды</a> — 1:1</li>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Багамы">Багамы</a> — 1:1</li>
<li>Панама — 1:1</li>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Барбадас">Барбадас</a> — 2:1</li>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Бэліз">Бэліз</a> — 2:1</li>
<li><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лібан">Лібан</a> — 1:1500</li>
</ul>
<a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентына">Аргентына</a> ўжывала фіксаваны абменны курс <a class="new" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Аргентынскі пэса (старонка не існуе)">пэса</a> да даляру як 1:1 з 1991 па 2002 год.<br />
Да амэрыканскага даляру быў з 1983 году прымацаваны курс <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ганконг">Ганконскага</a> <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Ганконскі даляр">даляру</a> як HK$7,8/USD. Курс <a class="new" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Макаоанская патака (старонка не існуе)">патакі</a>, валюты <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао">Макао</a>,
быў прымацаваны да курсу Ганконскага даляру як MOP1,03/HKD, і такім
чынам празь яго пасярэдніцтва таксама быў прымацаваны да даляру ЗША.<br />
Валюты некаторых краінаў Пэрсыдзкай затокі, як <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Саудаўская Арабія">Саудаўскае Арабіі</a> і <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Кувэйт">Кувэйту</a>, прымацаваныя да даляру з той прычыны, што даляр пераважна выкарыстоўваецца ў міжнародным гандлю <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта">нафтаю</a>.<br />
<a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай">Кітайскі</a> <a class="new" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Юань рэнмінбі (старонка не існуе)">юань рэнмінбі</a> нефармальна быў прымацаваны да даляру ў сярэдзіне 1990-х гадоў па курсе Y8,28/USD. Аналягічна, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Маляйзія">Маляйзія</a> прымацавала свой <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%82" title="Рынгіт">рынгіт</a> да даляру па курсе RM3,8/USD у 1997. <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="21 ліпеня">21 ліпеня</a> <a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> году абедзьве краіны замянілі прывязку да даляру прывязкаю да кошыка валютаў.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-77829140854701419132012-01-31T15:47:00.002-08:002012-01-31T16:25:28.394-08:00Долар ЗША<b>Амерыканскі долар</b>, <b>долар ЗША</b> (<a class="new" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Код валюты (няма такой старонкі)">Код валюты</a>: <b>USD</b>) — афіцыйная <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта">валюта</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="ЗША">Злучаных Штатаў Амерыкі</a>. Звычайна ён таксама абрывіяруецца знакамітым значком <b>$</b>, альбо <b>US$</b>, каб адрозніць ад іншых валютаў з назваю «долар». Амерыканскі долар дзеліцца на 100 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цэнт">цэнтаў</a>
(скарачэнне — ¢). У абароце ёсць манеты наміналам у 1, 5, 10, 25 і 50
цэнтаў і 1 долар, а таксама банкноты наміналам у 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 і
100 долараў.<br />
На сённяшні дзень долар ЗША — найбольш распаўсюджаная і часта
выкарысуемая валюта ў сусветнай эканоміцы. У некаторых краінах долар
уведзены ў якасці афіцыйнай валюты, амаль усе ўрады захоўваюць частку ці
ўсе золата-валютныя рэзервы ў амерыканскіх доларах. На <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>
год у свеце ў звароце было 760 мільярдаў долараў, з якіх толькі адна
траціна прыходзілася на Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі. За дзесяць год з <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> г. гэтая лічба вырасла ўдвая.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Гісторыя">правіць</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F">Гісторыя</span></h2>
Назва долара ЗША паходзіць ад <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іспанія">іспанскай</a>
срэбнай манеты ў 8 рэалаў, што важыла адну унцыю. Манета была вельмі
папулярнай сярод амерыканскіх каланістаў, якія называлі яе «іспанскім
доларам», назва якога пайшла ад нямецкай манеты падобнага памеру і
вагі — <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Талер">талера</a>.<br />
З <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a> у
амерыканскіх штатах пачала выпускацца «кантынентальная валюта»,
дэнамінаваная ў «іспанскіх доларах» і ў валютах асобных штатаў.
Кантытентальны долар цярпеў моцную інфляцыю і быў заменены на срэбраны
долар па курсе 1 срэбраны долар = 1000 кантынентальных долараў.<br />
Долар быў абвешчаны афіцыйнай валютай Амерыкі Кангрэсам канфедэрацыі Злучаных Штатаў <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="6 ліпеня">6 ліпеня</a> <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a> г.
Першыя доларавыя манеты былі выпушчаныя Манетным дваром ЗША пасля вайны
за незалежнасць. Пэўны час іспанскія і амерыканскія срэбраныя долары
хадзілі паралельна ў краіне.<br />
Пасля <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Першая Сусветная вайна">Першай</a> і <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Другая Сусветная вайна">Другой</a>
Сусветных войнаў ЗША ператварыліся ў вядучую эканоміку свету.
Адпаведна, амерыканскі долар здабыў сваю сучасную вагу ў якасці
сусветнай валюты.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Міжнародная роля долара">правіць</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.9C.D1.96.D0.B6.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.8F_.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.8F_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0">Міжнародная роля долара</span></h2>
Некаторыя краіны добраахвотна перайшлі на амерыканскі долар у якасці афіцыйнай валюты. Гэты працэс звычайна завецца <a class="new" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Даларызацыя (няма такой старонкі)">даларызацыяй</a>. Гэтыя краіны:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эквадор">Эквадор</a> (2000)</li>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор">Сальвадор</a> (2001)</li>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Усходні Тымор">Усходні Тымор</a> (2000)</li>
</ul>
Таксама ў якасці нацыянальнай валюты амерыканскі долар мае хаджэнне ў
былых амерыканскіх пратэктаратах у Ціхім акіяне, якія не сталі ўводзіць
уласныя нацыянальныя валюты пасля атрымання незалежнасці:<br />
<ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Палаў">Палаў</a></li>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96" title="Федэратыўныя Штаты Мікранезіі">Федэратыўныя Штаты Мікранезіі</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Маршалавы астравы">Маршалавы астравы</a></li>
</ul>
<a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама">Панама</a> таксама выкарыстоўвае долар ЗША з 1904, хаця мае і ўласную валюту.<br />
Дзве <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вялікабрытанія">брытанскія</a> залежныя тэрыторыі таксама выкарыстоўваюць амерыканскі долар:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Брытанскія Віргінскія астравы">Брытанскія Віргінскія астравы</a> (з <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Цёркс і Кайкас">Цёркс і Кайкас</a> (<a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>).</li>
</ul>
Валюты некаторых краінаў прывязаныя да долара ЗША па пэўным курсе:<br />
<ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Бермуды">Бермуды</a> — 1:1</li>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Багамы">Багамы</a> — 1:1</li>
<li>Панама — 1:1</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Барбадос (няма такой старонкі)">Барбадос</a> — 2:1</li>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Беліз">Беліз</a> — 2:1</li>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ліван">Ліван</a> — 1:1500</li>
</ul>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аргентына">Аргентына</a> ўжывала фіксаваны абменны курс <a class="new" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Аргентынскі песа (няма такой старонкі)">песа</a> да долара як 1:1 з 1991 па 2002 гг.<br />
Да амерыканскага даляру быў з 1983 прымацаваны курс <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ганконг">Ганконгскага</a> <a class="new" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ганконгскі долар (няма такой старонкі)">долара</a> як HK$7.8/USD. Курс <a class="new" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Макааанская патака (няма такой старонкі)">патакі</a>, валюты <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао">Макао</a>,
быў прымацаваны да курсу Ганг-Конскага долара як MOP1.03/HKD, і такім
чынам праз яго пасрэдніцтва таксама быў прымацаваны да долара ЗША.<br />
Валюты некаторых краінаў Персідскага заліву, як <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Саудаўская Аравія">Саудаўскае Аравіі</a> і <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Кувейт">Кувейта</a>, прымацаваныя да далара з той прычыны, што долар пераважна выкарыстоўваецца ў міжнародным гандлі <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта">нафтай</a>.<br />
<a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай">Кітайскі</a> <a class="new" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Юань рэнмінбі (няма такой старонкі)">юань рэнмінбі</a> нефармальна быў прымацаваны да долара ў сярэдзіне 1990-х гадоў па курсе Y8.28/USD. Аналагічна, <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Малайзія">Малайзія</a> прымацавала свой <a class="new" href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Рынгіт (няма такой старонкі)">рынгіт</a> да долара па курсе RM3.8/USD in 1997. <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="21 ліпеня">21 ліпеня</a> <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> г. абедзве краіны змянілі прывязку да долара прывязкаю да кошыка валют.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць раздзел: Спасылкі">правіць</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.BA.D1.96">Спасылкі</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Лагатып ВікіСховішча"><img alt="Лагатып ВікіСховішча" height="16" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="12" /></a> На <a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="ВікіСховішча">ВікіСховішчы</a> ёсць медыяфайлы па тэме <b><a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Money_of_the_United_States" title="commons:Category:Money of the United States">Долар ЗША</a></b></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/" rel="nofollow">Федэральная рэзервная сістэма</a> — Цэнтральны банк Злучаных Штатаў</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.usmint.gov/" rel="nofollow">Манетны двор Злучаных Штатаў Амерыкі</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://www.moneyfactory.gov/" rel="nofollow">Бюро гравіроўкі і друку</a> ЗША</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://prostofinansy.com/?p=515" rel="nofollow">Цікавыя долар. Галерэя банкнот</a></li>
</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-25213376070220535692012-01-31T15:47:00.000-08:002012-01-31T16:25:39.415-08:00JAV duoleris<b>JAV duoleris</b> (<a href="http://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onglu_kalba" title="Onglu kalba">ongl.</a> <i>United States dollar</i>) – ofėcėlė <a href="http://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAV" title="JAV">JAV</a> valiota. JAV duoleris tēp pat īr platē nauduojams kāp rezervėnė valiota ož JAV.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-78360076824739622332012-01-31T15:46:00.000-08:002012-01-31T16:25:51.493-08:00US-DollarDa <b>United States Dollar</b> is de nationale <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4hrung" title="Währung">Währung</a> in de <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. A Dollar werd in 100 <a class="new" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cent&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cent (dé Seiten gibts néd)">Cent</a> unterteilt. Er is a in andan Staaten ois Währung eigfiat woan so af de <a class="new" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Britischen_Jungferninseln&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Britischen Jungferninseln (dé Seiten gibts néd)">Britischen Jungferninseln</a>, in <a class="new" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ecuador (dé Seiten gibts néd)">Ecuador</a>, in <a class="new" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6derierte_Staaten_von_Mikronesien&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Föderierte Staaten von Mikronesien (dé Seiten gibts néd)">Mikronesien</a> sowia af <a href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> und in <a href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osttimor" title="Osttimor">Osttimor</a>. Umgangsprochlich werd a a ois <i>Greenback</i> oda ois <i>Buck</i> bezeichnet.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="M.C3.BCnzen">Münzen</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px;">[<a href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Obschnit beorweiden: Münzen">drå werkln</a>]</span></h2>
In de USA gebreichliche Minzen:<br />
<ul>
<li>1 Cent („Penny“)</li>
<li>5 Cents („Nickel“)</li>
<li>10 Cents („Dime“)</li>
<li>25 Cents („Quarter“)</li>
<li>50 Cents („Half“)</li>
<li>1 Dollar („Buck“)</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Schein">Schein</span> <span class="editsection" style="float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px;">[<a href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US-Dollar&action=edit&section=2" title="Obschnit beorweiden: Schein">drå werkln</a>]</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
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<a class="image" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg"><img alt="United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="96" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/220px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg" title="vagreessern"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
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<a class="image" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_reverse.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg/220px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_reverse.jpg" title="vagreessern"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
de greane Rückseitn von da Dollarnotn hod den Spitznam dagem</div>
</div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg/220px-US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:US100000dollarsbillobverse.jpg" title="vagreessern"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
gresste Dollarnotn vo 1934</div>
</div>
</div>
Es gibt de Dollar in 1-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 50- und 100-Dollar-Schein,
wobei Urlauba berichtn, daß ma mid am Hundata scho fast nimma in am Lådn
regulär zoihn koo. Grund is de heifige Fäischung vo dem Gäid. No
grässare Schein ois an Hundata hods hauptsächle in de schpaatn
Zwanzga-Jåhr gem; seit 1969 wean de 500-, 1.000-, 5.000- und
10.000-Dollar-Scheim nimma produziad, gem tuads außadem an
100.000-Dollar-Schein. De olle san a legals Zahlungsmittl.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-58005594594734310082012-01-31T15:45:00.000-08:002012-01-31T16:26:04.595-08:00АҠШ доллары<div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="ba">
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<a class="image" href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC:LineartPresRev.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="151" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LineartPresRev.png/150px-LineartPresRev.png" width="150" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC:LineartPresRev.png" title="Ҙурайтырға"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
1 долларлыҡ тәңкә</div>
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</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;">
<a class="image" href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC:USDnotes.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="131" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/USDnotes.png/150px-USDnotes.png" width="150" /></a>
<br />
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<a class="internal" href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC:USDnotes.png" title="Ҙурайтырға"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
АҠШ доллары банкноталары</div>
</div>
</div>
<b>АҠШ доллары</b> (<a href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле">ингл.</a> <i><span lang="en">US dollar, United States dollar</span></i>) — <a href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары">Америка Ҡушма Штаттарының</a> рәсми аҡсаһы (<a class="new" href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Валюта (был бит юҡ)">валютаһы</a>).
График тамғаһы — $, валюта коды — USD. АҠШ доллары донъялағы төп резерв
валюталарының береһе булып тора. Аҡса эмиссияһы хоҡуғына АҠШ-ның <a class="new" href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Федераль Резерв Системаһы (был бит юҡ)">Федераль Резерв Системаһы</a> эйә.<br />
АҠШ долларын шулай уҡ <a class="new" href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Маршалл утрауҙары (был бит юҡ)">Маршалл утрауҙары</a>, <a class="new" href="http://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Сальвадор (был бит юҡ)">Сальвадор</a> һәм бер нисә башҡа дәүләт рәсми валюталары тип таный.</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6880620393932815061.post-45086806657628591032012-01-31T15:44:00.000-08:002012-01-31T16:26:16.430-08:00ABŞ dolları<div id="siteSub">
Vikipediya, açıq ensiklopediya</div>
<div class="dablink noprint" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em;">
Bu adın digər istifadə formaları üçün, bax: <a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">Dollar</a>.</div>
<div class="floatright">
<a class="image" href="http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99kil:USDnotes.png"><img alt="USDnotes.png" height="262" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/USDnotes.png/300px-USDnotes.png" width="300" /></a></div>
<b>ABŞ dolları</b> <i>($, USD: United States Dollar)</i> — <a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birl%C9%99%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_%C5%9Etatlar%C4%B1" title="Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatları">Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatların</a>ın pul vahididir.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AB%C5%9E_dollar%C4%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölməsini redaktə: Azərbaycan manatına nisbətən rəsmi məzənnəsi">redaktə / تحریر</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Az.C9.99rbaycan_manat.C4.B1na_nisb.C9.99t.C9.99n_r.C9.99smi_m.C9.99z.C9.99nn.C9.99si">Azərbaycan manatına nisbətən rəsmi məzənnəsi</span></h2>
2010-cu il noyabrın 5-də ABŞ valyutasının manata nisbətən rəsmi məzənnəsi 79,97 qəpik müəyyən edilib<sup class="reference" id="sitat_istinad-0"><a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_dollar%C4%B1#sitat_qeyd-0">[1]</a></sup>.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AB%C5%9E_dollar%C4%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölməsini redaktə: İstinadlar">redaktə / تحریر</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".C4.B0stinadlar">İstinadlar</span></h2>
<ol class="references">
<li id="sitat_qeyd-0"><a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_dollar%C4%B1#sitat_istinad-0">↑</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.cbar.az/other/azn-rates" rel="nofollow">AZN Məzənnələri</a></li>
</ol>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AB%C5%9E_dollar%C4%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölməsini redaktə: Həmçinin bax">redaktə / تحریر</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="H.C9.99m.C3.A7inin_bax">Həmçinin bax</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul" title="Pul">Pul</a></li>
</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10211711329805810615noreply@blogger.com0